No abstract

Background.India's rapidly increasing population and growing urbanization pose a great challenge for wastewater treatment efforts, leading to increased pollution of surrounding waterbodies.Objectives.A field sampling-based study was conducted to analyze water quality, heavy metals and bioconcentration and bioaccumulation in the roots and shoots of naturally growing vegetation in an urban lake, Laxmi Taal. The lake receives domestic sewage from Jhansi city in Central India.Methods.Temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, and water-soluble ions were measured with appropriate instruments. Plant accumulation of metals was measured with the bioconcentration factor (BCF), the ratio of metal concentration in the root to wastewater. The translocation factor (TF) was estimated as the ratio of metal concentration in the shoot to the root.Results.Water quality and heavy metal concentrations were found to be within the prescribed limit as per Indian standards IS-2296 “D”. In the present study, BCF was assessed to be >1 and the plants Typha angustifolia and Echhornia crassipus were determined to be accumulator plants. The TF study revealed that translocation of all the metals studied were significant, except for manganese (Mn), where concentration was found to be below detection limit.Conclusions.The present study validated that Typha angustifolia and Echhornia crassipus could be used for bioremediation purposes in cases of urban waterbodies receiving varying amounts of domestic wastewaters which have relatively limited concentrations of toxic metals.Competing Interests.The authors declare no competing financial interests

Background Stroke is the most common leading cause of mortality and related morbidities worldwide. After stroke, the motor function of extremities and spinal muscles is significantly impairment, but not only this, it also has attributable factors leading to respiratory dysfunction. Nevertheless, to the extent of the authors’ knowledge, there is a dearth of conclusive studies which examined the effectiveness of RMT on muscle strength, pulmonary function, and respiratory complications of individuals after stroke. Objective The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness of respiratory muscle training on respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, and respiratory complications in patients after stroke. Methods An electronic database search of HINARI, PEDro, PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google scholar was used to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluated the effectiveness of respiratory muscle training in patients with stroke. Articles published from 2010 to 2019 were included. The quality of the articles was assessed using PEDro scale. Articles with abstract only, PEDro scores less than 5, published in non-English language, not freely available articles, and quasi experimental studies were excluded from this study. Results The literature search yielded a total of 7 articles (6 randomized controlled trials with 1 pilot randomized controlled trial) which met inclusion criteria despite their heterogeneity. The methodological quality of all studies ranged from 6 to 8 in Pedro score. Most of the articles reported a significant increase in respiratory muscle strength, respiratory muscle function, and reduced risk of complications with a p value <0.05. Conclusion Respiratory muscle training could potentially improve muscle strength and pulmonary functions of subjects after stroke. Thus, it may reduce stroke-related respiratory complications in subjects after stroke. However, further study is warranted with high quality RCTs and pooled synthesis of results.

Objective: The present study aims to find out the sensation and frequency of episodes of knee buckling in Grade 3 osteoarthritis (OA) and its physiotherapy treatment.Methods: Experimental study design is used to determine the knee buckling in Grade 3 OA of the knee joint. Subjects are classified into two groups. Subjects with Grade 3 OA knee are examined for knee buckling. The investigator used a questionnaire to collect data from filed documents. Data were numerically coded and captured in excel, using SPSS 20 version software. Descriptive statistics were applied to analyze the data.Results: The study has provided baseline information about knee buckling among Grade 3 OA knee. In Group A, out of 32 study projects, 25 reported a sensation of knee buckling and reported no history of knee buckling in previous 3 months. Among 25 subjects reported knee buckling, the frequency of episodes of knee buckling reported >5 in 15 subjects while 3–5 in 6 and 1–2 in 4 subjects were reported in previous 3 months. In Group B, after completion of 3 weeks of knee stabilizing exercise, 10 subjects reported no sensation of buckling out of 25 subjects in past 3 weeks, while remaining 9 subjects were reported 1–2 and 6 subjects were reported only 3–5 number of episodes of buckling.Conclusion: The study shows that knee stabilizing and balancing exercises are helpful in reducing or preventing knee buckling.

Background: Although, tetanus is a vaccine preventable disease mortality remains high. And despite the establishment of intensive care unit in Jimma University Medical Center the overall mortality reaches up to 40%. This study will question why the outcome of patients has not improved despite the improvement in the setup of ICU and tries to come up with possible associated factors that prognosticated the outcome. Objective: The objective of this study will be to assess the outcome and factors associated with adult tetanus patients treated at JUMC, ICU from 1st Nov 2019 to 31st March 2021. Methodology: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at JUMC on admitted patients with the diagnosis of tetanus. The study recruited all admitted patients from 1st Nov 2019 to 31st March 2021 at medical and surgical ICU. A structured checklist will be developed and the relevant information from the patients’ card will be entered in the structured checklist. Outcome will be defined as a binary variable (death, survival) independent variables will be examined for possible association with the dependent variable. Descriptive statistics like means, frequency and tabulations will be used. Conclusion: Tetanus has high case fatality rate. Prevention of tetanus could have minimized the mortality. Delayed health care seeking by patients had determinant role for management outcome.