Subgaleal hemorrhage is a rare condition of the neonate often associated with instrumental delivery. It is a potentially fatal condition that is often underreported and underdiagnosed. The vacuum extractor is being advocated as the instrument of first choice for assisted vaginal delivery, but appears to be associated with an increased incidence of subgaleal hemorrhage. It is widely believed that the vacuum cup will dislodge before causing serious fetal trauma. Because of the ease of application, vacuum extractors could be used potentially in circumstances in which forceps would not be attempted, allowing an operator of average experience to perform rotational deliveries. The worrisome increase in the incidence of subgaleal hemorrhage associated with vacuum extraction leads to the issuance of warnings from governmental authorities in Canada and the United States. This review discusses the anatomy of this lesion, etiology, clinical presentation, management, and possible prevention.

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Summary: Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP) is a rare disabling genetic disorder characterized by progressive postnatal heterotopic ossification leading to cumulative disability. Heterotopic bone formation in FOP usually begins in early childhood following a series of painful, post-traumatic, inflammatory soft-tissue swellings known as flare-ups, which later undergo ossification resulting in the progressive immobilization of the chest wall, limbs and jaw by early adulthood. Pregnancy in FOP has occurred infrequently and reproductive decisions are a dilemma for an individual or couple with FOP. We present the clinical course, medical management and potential concerns of four cases of pregnancy in FOP.

Ectopic pregnancy is a leading cause of maternal mortality. A high index of suspicion of an ectopic pregnancy must be borne in mind, especially when a woman of reproductive age presents to the emergency department with abdominal pain and a positive pregnancy test. An ectopic pregnancy can occur in unusual sites, particularly when assisted reproductive techniques have been used. Most ectopic pregnancies occur in the fallopian tube (so-called tubal pregnancies), but implantation can also occur in the uterine cornua, cervix, ovaries, and abdomen, including the retroperitoneum. We present only the second reported case of ovarian ectopic pregnancy in a 37-year-old woman following an in vitro fertilisation and embryo transfer for bilateral salpingectomies.

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