Betel quid chewing has been in practice among people in many Asian countries since ages. It is the most widely used psychoactive substance and an important environmental risk factor for development of oral premalignant lesions and cancer. Arecoline, the major alkaloid of areca nut, has been known to cause cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in mammalian cells in vivo and in vitro and even contributes to carcinogenicity. It also increases the risk and severity of periodontal disease.This paper presents a case of betel nut chewing associated with severe periodontitis in a 32 year old male patient.

Background: Biofilm usually is a group of micro-organisms in which bacterial cells adhere to each other. It may form on a living or non-living surfaces within a self-produced matrix of glycocalx. Recently, plaque has been identified as a biofilm, and its structure, microbiology and patho-physiology have been described. The effectiveness between modified bass technique and normal brushing technique has been compared in this study. Material & Methods: Sixty auxiliary workers working in Nobel Medical College and Teaching Hospital were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Plaque accumulation was assessed on the index teeth using Silness and Loe plaque index. Both normal tooth brushing practices and modified Bass technique were asked to perform using a standard tooth brush and fluoridated dentifrices without label was used for all the subjects after the morning breakfast. The difference of the PI scores recorded in different examinations was assessed using ANCOVA test. Results: The mean PI score was found similar for normal brushing and modified bass technique at the base line examination (P<0.05). The modified Bass technique was more effective in removing plaque than normal tooth brushing (P<0.05) Conclusion: Tooth brushing is the most common, easy and effective method of plaque control. At the same time tooth brushing with correct technique reduces plaque effectively and maintains the integrity of tooth and surrounding periodontium. Modified Bass technique plays a vital role in prevention of plaque control, dental caries and periodontal disease. Journal of Nobel Medical College  Volume 7, Number 1, Issue 12, January-June 2018, Page: 26-29

Background & Objectives: It is thought that chronic stress negatively affects immune response efficacy which in turn cause an imbalance between host and parasite leading to periodontal breakdown. The study aims to investigate the association between anxiety and depression with chronic periodontitis.Materials & Methods: This was a cross sectional study comprising of 350 individuals of both sexes, above 25 years of age. The study population was divided into two groups. Group 2 consisted of those subjects with clinical attachment loss of ≥ 3 mm in at least 30% of site examined, and the samples that did not satisfy the above criteria were categorized into Group 1. Group 1 included 184 individuals while group 2 had 166 subjects. Clinical examinations were performed by a single examiner. Psychological instrument used was Hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS). Chi square and student t test were performed to compare between the two groups.Results: The mean depression scores in Group 1 and Group 2 were 6.64 ± 2.58 and 7.90 ± 2.86, respectively while the mean anxiety scores of Group 1 and Group 2 were 7.76 ± 3.12 and 9.07 ± 3.08, respectively (p<001).Conclusion: Within the limits of this study it is possible to conclude that there was significant association between periodontitis and anxiety, and depression

Introduction: Gingival and periodontal diseases are a matter of serious concern in Nepalese population. These diseases may also be present in visually impaired individuals. So, the scientific fact is necessary to unmask this and the pathogenesis behind it. Objective: To assess the oral hygiene and periodontal status of visually impaired individuals of a residential school in Eastern Nepal. Methods: A study was conducted at Gyanchakchu Vidyalaya in Dharan-15. A total of 130 visually impaired individuals (88 males and 42 females) with the mean age of 6-20 years were included in the study. Information regarding oral hygiene practices was gathered through personal interaction by the interviewers. Oral hygiene status was assessed by using Plaque Index of Silness and Loe (1964) and Gingival Index of Loe and Silness (1963) and to assess the periodontal status, Community Periodontal Index was used. Results: A total of 112 (86.2%) participants, brushed their teeth with the help of toothbrush and toothpaste, 101 (77.7%) of them brushed once a day in morning, 83 (63.8%) of the students used horizontal brushing technique and 90 (69.2%) of the students rinsed their mouth after meal. Periodontal and gingival status of visually impaired individual show that majority 90 (69.2%) had no periodontal pocket and 83 (63.8%) had slight loss of attachment. Conclusion: The oral hygiene status and periodontal status of visually impaired individuals can be improved more through an in-service educational programmes

hghgh