Black hole attack in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network is major problem related with the field of computer networking. In this paper we present the performance analysis of the black hole attack in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network. We elaborate the different types of attacks and their depth in ad hoc network. The performance metric is taken for the evaluation of attack which depends on a packet end to end delay, network throughput and network load. The delay, throughput and load are simulated by the help of OPNET 14.5 modeler. The simulation setup comprises of 30 Vehicular nodes moving with constant speed of 10 meter per second. The data rate of Vehicular nodes is 11 Mbps with default transmitting power of 0.005 watts. With On Demand Distance Vector Routing and Optimized Link State Routing the malicious node buffer size is lowered to a level which increase packet drops.

Ultra‐high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is utilized in hip joints because of its high impact strength, outstanding fracture resistance, near‐zero moisture absorption, superior chemical inertness, and lower coefficient of friction than other polymers. However, because of the high melt viscosity of UHMWPE, the melt state approach gives unsatisfactory mechanical strength results. In this research, composite materials are fabricated by heat‐assisted compression molding having graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) used as a filler material in a composition of (UHMWPE + 5 wt% hydroxyapatite nanoparticles) at three different wt% ages (i.e., 0, 1, 2, and 3 wt%). Here mechanical characteristics such as flexural, compression, and impact strength measurements according to ISO standards and SEM analysis are used to determine the aggregation of n‐HAp and GNP in UHMWPE. According to the authors' experimental results, biocomposite (with UHMWPE + 5 wt n‐HAp + 1 wt% GNP) has the lowest surface roughness value and excellent mechanical characterization compared to other compositions for hip joint. Flexural and compression strength improve by 25% and 40%, respectively, compared to pure UHMWPE. The multi‐objective optimization based on GRA‐AHP gives a better result at 5 wt% of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and 1 wt% graphene nanoparticle reinforced in UHMWPE compared to other alternative materials.

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Vehicular Ad Hoc Network is currently challenge for the wireless networking and its researchers. In this paper we have proposed the survey of the different MAC Layer protocols of the wireless medium those can be implemented in the Vehicular Ad Hoc Networking. The survey is based upon the study of the different protocol on their MAC level and its performance factors is evaluated. The performance factor is extracted from the studied materials and current working conditions of the protocols. These all factors are mobility, accuracy, privacy and confidentiality, safety critical message priority, delay control and suitability on vehicle and roadside. According to analyzed performance factor the IEEE 802.11p Wave is most suitable protocol for the Vehicular Ad Hoc Network but it does not cover up all conditional requirements.

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