The aim of this study is to assess the use of intraoperative transvaginal ultrasonography (TVS) to locate deep myomas that were not identified on laparoscopic view. The design of this study is a prospective observational study. This study was conducted in private Advanced Endoscopy and Infertility Treatment Centre, Kerala, India. The study comprised of 84 patients who underwent laparoscopic myomectomy from January 2011 to December 2013 in whom intraoperative TVS was used as an intervention. The number of additional deeper myomas removed was calculated, and recurrence at 1 year was calculated. The total number of myomas enucleated was 390, and the additional myomas enucleated after intraoperative TVS were 94. The recurrence of myomas at 1-year follow-up was 7.1 %. Intraoperative TVS was helpful to the surgeon for identifying deeper myomas making the surgery more effective.

BACKGROUNDAim of the study is to analyse whether placental location as determined by ultrasound at 18-24 weeks can predict the subsequent development of preeclampsia. MATERIALS AND METHODSThis study was conducted in 300 women at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology for a period of one year. The location of placenta was determined by ultrasound at 18-24 weeks of gestational age in the study population. The placental position was being classified as central, right/left. Prospectively case group and control group were followed up and looked for the occurrence of hypertension. RESULTS50% of mothers were in the 20-25 years age group. Preeclampsia was high between 20-25 years. The incidence of preeclampsia in primigravida was 81% and multigravida was 19%. Among the patients with centrally located placenta, the incidence of preeclampsia was 19.1% whereas in the case group which had laterally located placenta the incidence of preeclampsia was 80.9% with a statistically significant p value of 0.01. This screening test has a very high negative predictive value of 96.4% and a sensitivity of 81%. Hence, routine ultrasound and placental position screening can be used as a predictor for the development of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. CONCLUSIONThis study shows that placental position as determined by ultrasound between 18-24 weeks of gestation is an excellent screening tool for the prediction of preeclampsia among numerous screening tests with a very high sensitivity. This test is simple, easy to perform, inexpensive and noninvasive. Lateral placentation helps to identify the population who are at a greater risk to be included in the primary prevention programs.

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The primary aim of this study is to evaluate the technique of ovarian reconstruction without suturing after laparoscopic cystectomy of endometrioma. The secondary aim is to find the pregnancy rate following this technique. The study is a prospective observational study (Canadian Task Force classification II-3). The interventions used in the study are laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy and reconstruction without suturing. Laparoscopic ovarian cystectomy was performed in 240 patients between May 2007 and April 2012 of which 182 consecutive patients who met the selection criteria were enrolled in the study. Intraoperatively, the cyst wall is completely enucleated. Ovarian tissue is kept apposed together with a bowel grasper for 5 min to reconstruct the ovary. No sutures are used for approximation of ovarian edges. The median (range) operating time for cystectomy and reconstruction was 22 min (15-75), and estimated blood loss was 50 ml (30-200). The ovarian reconstruction was good in 84.6 % of the cases, average in 10 % and poor in 5.4 % of the patients. Postoperative scan on day 1 showed pelvic collection (blood) in five cases (20-50 ml). 9.89 % had intraovarian haematoma of 2-3 cm which resolved spontaneously. All patients were followed at 1 month and pregnancy rate was calculated after a minimum follow up of 12 months. Pregnancy rate was 50.7 % (33 patients) in our study. Approximation of ovarian surface for ovarian reconstruction was associated with shorter operating times, good morphological ovarian reconstruction and comparable pregnancy outcome. This technique requires further well-designed randomized controlled trials.

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