Low salinity water flooding (LSWF) is a promising strategy for improving oil recovery in sandstone reservoirs, and recent studies have shown that the recovery with low salinity water injection is a function of not only the salinity and ionic composition but also of the pH of injected brine, temperature, and the combined effect of both on the wetting properties of the clay mineral surfaces. Following brine flooding, the initial wettability of sandstone rock surfaces existed when crude oil, formation water (FW), and rock surface interaction were in chemical equilibrium at reservoir condition changes based on brine pH, salinity, temperature, and clay mineralogy. This study proposes pH, core flood temperature, and irreducible water saturation as key parameters in inducing wettability changes in the sandstone porous media. In the present work, the sandstone cores were subjected to flooding at temperatures of 70 °C, 85 °C, and 105 °C and measured the pH of the discharge effluents and initial or irreducible water saturation with respect to varying temperatures. This paper investigates the rise of the pH gradient and irreducible water saturation, Swir with respect to LS flooding, at increasing temperatures using a Barail sandstone core. The key results include the following: The pH of the flood effluents increases with increasing core flood temperature, which indicates a shifting of the existing wetting state of the rock. The combined effects of increasing pH and initial or irreducible water saturation pertaining to low salinity flooding at progressively increasing temperatures result in increasing water wettability of the sandstone rock. Increasing flooding temperatures cause an increase in Swir, which follows a linear relationship. The findings of the paper highlight the link of increasing pH and irreducible water saturation with the water wetting properties of the sandstone reservoir rock and hence the fluid flow or the oil–water relative permeability behaviour. This paper proposes that increased irreducible water saturation and pH of water flood effluents are connected to increasing water wetness in a sandstone rock as a function of elevated temperatures. As adequate work and consensus on the potential effects of temperature on wettability alteration under low salinity water flooding is still lacking, the current work in relation to the Barail sandstone of the upper Assam basin could be a novel reference for understanding of the importance of temperature dependent wettability alteration behaviour in sandstone cores. The findings of this study can assist in the formation of a novel approach towards considering the increasing irreducible water saturation and pH of the brine effluent as an effect of alternatively injection of low salinity water at elevated temperatures on sandstone porous rock.

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Coil tubing (CT) is widely regarded as one of the most effective servicing tools for dealing with a variety of oil and gas production issues, and it is also commonly used for oil well workover operations in India's upper Assam basin. The current work considers QT 800 to be the CT material used for actual oil well operations. With reference to actual operations carried out in some of the oil wells in the upper Assam basin, the current research analyses the limitations of CTs (QT 800, QT 900, and QT 1000) based on developing limit curves that can depict the operating limit and infer CT failure probability. This study also includes fatigue analysis to determine the likelihood of damage from hot oil circulation, water injection, and nitrogen shot operations while performing them using the CTs (QT 700, QT 800, QT 900, and QT 1000). The current work adopts the methodology of CT assessment based on a computational model built in MATLAB with respect to different oil well parameters in the upper Assam basin. This study takes an innovative approach by taking downhole temperature into account when determining the CT limit for QT 800, which signifies novelty in the current work. According to the computational analysis used in the study on CT limits, mechanical strain, thermal strain, and the combined strain of the CT material all affect CT elongation. This observation was often found to be a research gap in different research works as this aspect in previous studies was not considered while analysing CT operations. The findings of the present study highlight and draw the conclusion that temperature variations in the well and the CTU’s circulating fluid contribute linearly to CT strain. CT’s working limit diminishes with increasing internal and external pressure and diametrical growth, which eventually causes fatigue damage.

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