Ayurveda is believed to have originated over 6000 years ago It was designed to promote good health and long life rather than to fight disease and was practiced by physicians and surgeons (called Bheshaja or vaidya) but recently herbal medicine have attracted much attention as alternative medicines useful for treating or preventing life-style related disorders. Herbs are the nature’s gift to human being to make disease free well life. The diverse tradition of India is a prosperous source of traditional medicines, many of which are of plant origin. Herbal medicines refers to the use of any plant’s seeds, berries, roots, leaves, bark or flowers for medicinal purpose. There are different sources of drug. Broadly speaking, there are two sources of drug namely synthetic and natural. Many drugs used in medicine today are developed by chemical synthesis. A recognized number of drugs are obtained from natural sources. The most important natural sources of drugs are (1) higher plants, (2) microbes, (3) animals and (4) marine organisms. Keywords: Ayurveda, Traditional medicines, higher plants, microbes, marine organisms

Objective: The present study was carried out for the preparation of modified Tamarindus indica seed gum as a natural superdisintegrant and assessed various parameters for preparing a fast disintegrating dosage form. Methods: The extracted gum from tamarind seeds was chemically modified by the carboxymethylation method. Then, calcium complexation of carboxymethyled tamarind seed gum was done. Fast disintegrating tablets were prepared by the direct compression method. The change in the functional groups of the extracted gum, Carboxymethyl tamarind seed gum, and the calcium complexed tamarind seed gum was studied by FT-IR spectrophotometer. DSC studies of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum showed alterations in the melting point without undergoing any modification. Results: The pre-formulation studies such as physical appearance, swelling index, and viscosity of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum were characterized. From the studies, it was concluded that modified Tamarind seed gum was acidic and hydrophilic. The pH of the extracted tamarind seed gum was found to be 5.4. The fast disintegrating tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, disintegration time, thickness, and in-vitro dissolution study. In the present study, the disintegration time of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum-containing tablets was compared with the marketed formulation of croscarmellose sodium as a synthetic superdisintegrant. The F5 formulation of calcium complexed tamarind seed gum showed a disintegration time of 37±2 s whereas the marketed formulation of croscarmellose sodium showed a disintegration time of 48±2 s. Conclusion: It can be concluded that a fast disintegrating tablet prepared using calcium complexed Tamarind seed gum improves the disintegration time of the tablet.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was first identified in December 2019 in Wuhan, the capital of China’s Hubei province and has rapidly spread all over the world. Until August 2020, >25 million cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection had been confirmed worldwide, causing >800,000 deaths. This disease was named by the World Health Organization (WHO) as COVID-19. Similar to SARS and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome, which are also caused by corona virus infections, COVID-19 mainly causes severe respiratory system damage; however, it also causes damage to multiple organs, including the gastrointestinal tract, the cardiovascular system and the nervous system. According to the WHO, common signs of infection include fever, cough, and respiratory difficulties like shortness of breath. Serious cases can lead to pneumonia, kidney failure, and even death. The main aim of the present review article was to summarize the current knowledge of COVID-19, such as the transmission process, diagnostic methods, clinical feature pathological characteristics, and treatment measures.

Objective: The object is to study acacia catechu gum in situ, forming gels with prolonged retention times for ocular drug delivery. Methods: This study was sample collection and extraction, pre-formulation research, drug melting point and solubility preparation of standard stock solution, lambda max determination, and preparation of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in situ gel. Results: The melting point of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was found to be 290°C. The solubility of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride in pH 2.0 and pH 6.8 media is 7.88 0.005 mg/ml and 0.080 0.05 mg/ml. The max of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride was found to be 276–277 nm in simulated tear fluid pH 7.4. Prepared in situ gelling systems were evaluated for interaction studies to ensure that no interaction occurred between drugs and polymers. The pH of the formulations was found to be 7.1–7.4, and the drug content was in the range of 92–98%. All the prepared in situ gelling systems were evaluated for sterility. After 7 days of incubation, the results showed no microbial growth in all formulations. Conclusion: The developed formulation is a viable alternative to the conventional eye drops by virtue of its ability to enhanced bioavailability through its longer precorneal residence time.

Delivery of the drug to the ocular area is blocked by the protective layers covering the eyes; it has always been a major problem to find effective bioavailability of the active drug in the ocular area due to the short duration of precorneal majority ocular stay. Direct delivery systems combine as well as oil, solution, and suspension, as a result, many delivery systems are not able to effectively treat eye diseases. Many works have been done and are being done to overcome this problem one of which is to use in-situ to build polymeric systems. Ocular In-situ gelling systems are a new class of eye drug delivery systems that are initially in solution but are quickly transformed into a viscous gel when introduced or inserted into an ocular cavity where active drugs are released continuously. This sol-to-gel phase conversion depends on a variety of factors such as changes in pH, ion presence, and temperature changes. Post-transplanting gel selects viscosity and bio-adhesive properties, which prolongs the gel's stay in the ocular area and also releases the drug in a long and continuous way unlike conventional eye drops and ointments. This review is a brief overview of situ gels, the various methods of in situ gelling systems, the different types of polymers used in situ gels, their gel-based methods, and the polymeric testing of situ gel. Keywords: In-situ gel, Polymers, and ion triggered in-situ gel, Mechanism, Evaluation parameters