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ObjectivesTo investigate the consistency of adverse events (AEs) and adverse drug reactions (ADRs) reported in the literature, monitoring and social media data.MethodsUsing one Chinese patent medicine-Cordyceps sinensis extracts (CSE) as an example, we obtained safety data from the national monitoring system (July 2002 to February 2016), literature (up to November 2016) and social media (May 2019). For literature data, we searched the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure Database (CNKI), WanFang database, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database (VIP), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (SinoMed), PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library. Social media data was from the Baidu post bar and Sina micro-blog. Two authors independently screened the literature and extracted data by PRISMA Harms checklist was followed. AEs and ADRs were coded using the World Health Organization Adverse Reaction Terminology (WHO-ART). AEs and ADRs were grouped into thirty-one organ-system classes for comparisons. Frequencies, relative frequencies and rank were used as metrics. Radar chart was used to manifest the features of the distributions and proportions.Results610 AEs reported in CFDA monitoring data were associated with CSE, of which 537 (88.03%) were suspected ADRs (10.49% certain). 5568 AEs were identified from 172 papers (63% RCTs, 37% other types of studies including case series, case reports, ADR monitoring reports and reviews), in which 86 (1.54%) were ADRs (1.54% certain). 15 AEs (0 certain ADR) were identified from social media. AEs, ADRs and their affected system-organ classes, looked largely similar, but different in every aspect when looking at details. Data from RCTs demonstrated the most disparity.ConclusionsIn our study, the most prevalent AEs and ADRs, mainly gastro-intestinal system disorders including nausea, diarrhea and vomiting, in monitoring system were largely similar with those in literature and social media. But data from different sources varied if looked at details. Multiple data sources (the monitoring system, literature and social media) should be integrated to collect safety information of interventions. The distributions of AEs and ADRs from RCTs were least similar with the data from other sources. Our empirical proof is consistent with other similar studies.

not only played an indispensable role in environmental monitoring, but also been investigated in human healthcare and disease diagnosis. [1] Recent advances have explored the feasibility of using exhaled breath VOCs as biomarkers for monitoring of metabolic activities, [2] diabetes, [3] respiratory diseases, [4] as well as discrimination of cancer patients from health persons. [5] Compared with laborious gas chromatography, or conventional metal oxide sensors that require high operation temperature, VOCs sensors working at room temperature are rather appealing because of the low power consumption that greatly simplifies the fabrication of sensor devices. [6] Furthermore, the elimination of a heater can facilitate the integration of VOCs sensors to flexible electronics, where the flexible matrixes barely bear with high temperature. [6b,7] Thus, VOCs sensors operated at room temperature are ideal components to realize wearable gas sensing devices, [6b,8] which can provide in situ and real-time insights into variations of concerned targets within exhaled breath. However, the highly humidified exhaled breath inevitably results in dramatic background signals induced by respiration activities, casting shadow on the detection of exhaled VOCs.Nanoscale metal oxides, nanotubes, and 2D nanomaterials could all act as sensing layers in room temperature VOCs sensors. By doping of noble metal particles or forming of heterojunctions, these nanostructures may facilitate the covalent or ionic adsorption of VOCs molecules, thus the working temperature of metal oxides can be greatly decreased. [6a] The latter ones, however, rely more on physical absorption and intermolecular interactions, which can be promoted by increasing specific surface area and surface active sites via nanomaterial decoration. [9] Although promising nanomaterials including graphene and its derivatives, [10] transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), [9c,11] metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), [12] and carbon nanotubes [9b,13] have been intensively investigated in VOCs sensing, sensing materials with comprehensive merits of good conductivity, low noise, large surface area, and ample anchoring sites remain to be further exploited.2D transition metal carbides, carbonitrides, and nitrides, namely MXenes, have emerged as a promising family of 2D nanomaterials since its first report in 2011. [14] Etched from ternary precursor MAX (layered hexagonal-structure ternary Room temperature volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensors usually suffer from severe humidity interference and insufficient sensitivity against VOCs, which greatly restricts its practical applications. Herein, the authors simultaneously reduce the hydrophilicity while improving the VOCs sensitivity of Ti 3 C 2 T x MXene by introducing hydrocarbon terminations. The terminationmodified Ti 3 C 2 T x (Ti 3 C 2 T x -M2) sensor demonstrates fivefold enhancement in ethanol sensitivity at room temperature, while response against water vapor has been reduced by 71% compared with pristine Ti 3 C 2 T x . ...

The main challenge of Strap-down Inertial Navigation System (SINS)/Doppler velocity log (DVL) navigation system is the external measurement noise. Although the Sage–Husa adaptive Kalman filter (SHAKF) has been introduced in the integrated navigation field, the precision and stability of the SHAKF are still the tricky problems to be overcome. The primary aim of this paper is to improve the precision and stability of underwater SINS/DVL system. To attain this, a SINS/DVL tightly integrated model is established, where beam measurements are used without transforming them to 3D velocity. The proposed improved SHAKF algorithm is based on variable sliding window estimation and fading filter. The simulations and vehicle test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed underwater SINS/DVL tightly integrated navigation method based on the improved SHAKF. In addition, the position accuracy of the designed method outperforms that of the SHAKF method.

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