Objective:The main objectives of the research are to investigate the phytochemical screening, histology appearance, and safety of acute oral toxicity study on the extract of the fruit of Psidium guajava Linn. in mice. Methods:Mice that were administered by oral feeding with different and controlled dose were divided into three groups, with dose limits of both 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. We analyzed the P. guajava Linn. extract with specific methods before treating the subject. The methods were followed with acute oral toxicity study of Up-and-Down Procedure Organization for Economic and Development 425. The mice were then observed for signs and symptoms of toxicity. In addition, toxicity in the liver and kidney was analyzed through histology observation. Results:Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, quinone, triterpenoid/steroid, tannins and saponins, and the absence of alkaloids. We found that the treatment with 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract did not show any differences in body weight changes, number of hepatocyte in liver, and podocyte in kidney compared with control (*p>0.05). Moreover, we noticed all mice lived and were healthy during observation. Conclusion:Our finding indicates that the extract of the fruit of P. guajava Linn. is safe and it was not toxic to the liver and kidney.

Objective: The main objectives of the research are to investigate the phytochemical screening, histology appearance, and safety of acute oral toxicity study on the extract of the fruit of Psidium guajava Linn. in mice.Methods: Mice that were administered by oral feeding with different and controlled dose were divided into three groups, with dose limits of both 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. We analyzed the P. guajava Linn. extract with specific methods before treating the subject. The methods were followed with acute oral toxicity study of Up-and-Down Procedure Organization for Economic and Development 425. The mice were then observed for signs and symptoms of toxicity. In addition, toxicity in the liver and kidney was analyzed through histology observation.Results: Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of flavonoids, quinone, triterpenoid/steroid, tannins and saponins, and the absence of alkaloids. We found that the treatment with 2000 and 5000 mg/kg b.w. of the extract did not show any differences in body weight changes, number of hepatocyte in liver, and podocyte in kidney compared with control (*p>0.05). Moreover, we noticed all mice lived and were healthy during observation.Conclusion: Our finding indicates that the extract of the fruit of P. guajava Linn. is safe and it was not toxic to the liver and kidney.

Background: Cigarette smoke can trigger oxidative stress. An alternative to overcome the harmful effects of cigarette smoke is through antioxidants. White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatusostreatus or P. ostreatus) are a source of exogenous antioxidants because many contain active compounds for potential antioxidants such as phenol and flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus P.ostreatus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and glutathione (GSH), as well as to analyze their correlation in the lung of Wistar male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: The study was a preclinical experiment conducted on 24 rats divided into four groups. The treatment was carried out for 42 days and antioxidant effects were assessed through levels of HNE and GSH in rat lungs. Groups were divided as follows: I- normal control, II- negative control, III and IV exposed to cigarette smoke for 60 minutes/day. Group III (treatment group) was treated with ethanolic extract of PleurotusP. ostreatus at 250 mg/kg BW rat/day, and group IV (comparison group) was treated with N-acetyl cysteine 600 mg /day. Data analysis used was one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test, and Spearmen rank correlation coefficient test. Results: The results showed that the group receiving ethanolic extract of PleurotusP. ostreatus had HNE levels of (44,18 ± 2,09 pg/mL) and GSH (0,04 ± 0,00 pg/mL) protein. This extract significantly increased GSH levels and inhibited the increase of HNE levels. Results of GSH (p≤0.01) showed significant results using one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus can prevent lipid peroxidation and decrease endogenous antioxidant levels in lung cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Ethanolic extract of PleurotusP. ostreatus has good antioxidant potential.

Background: Cigarette smoke can trigger oxidative stress. An alternative to overcome the harmful effects of cigarette smoke is through antioxidants. White oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus Ostreatus) are a source of exogenous antioxidants because many contain active compounds for potential antioxidants such as phenol and flavonoid compounds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus on 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal (HNE) and glutathione (GSH), as well as to analyze their correlation in the lung of Wistar male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. Methods: The study was a preclinical experiment conducted on 24 rats divided into four groups. The treatment was carried out for 42 days and antioxidant effects were assessed through levels of HNE and GSH in rat lungs. Groups were divided as follows: I- normal control, II- negative control, III and IV exposed to cigarette smoke for 60 minutes/day. Group III (treatment group) was treated with ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus at 250 mg/kg BW rat/day, and group IV (comparison group) was treated with N-acetyl cysteine 600 mg /day. Data analysis used was one-way ANOVA and Kruskal Wallis test, and Spearmen rank correlation coefficient test. Results: The results showed that the group receiving ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus had HNE levels of (44,18 ± 2,09 pg/mL) and GSH (0,04 ± 0,00 pg/mL) protein. This extract significantly increased GSH levels and inhibited the increase of HNE levels. Results of GSH (p≤0.01) showed significant results using one-way ANOVA. Conclusions: The ethanolic extract of P. ostreatus can prevent lipid peroxidation and decrease endogenous antioxidant levels in lung cells exposed to cigarette smoke. Ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus has good antioxidant potential.

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