Cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) is convertible into glucose by hydrolysis process, which usually requires a catalyst. A solid acid catalyst of sulfonated carbon was used in this work. This study aimed to observe the viability of candlenut shell as carbonaceous source in solid acid catalyst production and to characterize the sulfonated carbon. The carbonization was performed at 250-550 ºC for 4 h, while sulfonation was carried out at 100-180 ºC for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was then characterized by H+ activity/acid density test, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Sulfonated carbon was then tested as a heterogeneous catalyst for hydrolysis reaction. The reaction was performed in a stainless steel batch reactor at 100 ºC for 6 h. Glucose formed by hydrolysis was measured by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results of this study suggested that sulfonated carbon derived from candlenut shell may be used as a catalyst for cogon grass cellulose hydrolysis to produce glucose
AbstrakAlang-alang mengandung selulosa yang dapat dikonversi menjadi glukosa melalui proses hidrolisis menggunakan katalis asam cair anorganik. Penggunaan katalis tersebut dapat menyebabkan masalah korosi, mencemari lingkungan, dan pemisahan produk yang kompleks. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut digunakanlah katalis karbon tersufonasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji cangkang kemiri sebagai sumber karbon untuk penyangga katalis yang direaksikan dengan asam sulfat, dan mengaplikasikannya dalam reaksi hidrolisis selulosa. Cangkang kemiri dikarbonisasi pada rentang suhu 300-550 o C selama 4 jam. Karbon yang terbentuk disulfonasi pada suhu 120-150 o C selama 6 jam. Karbon tersulfonasi diuji kapasitas H + /tingkat keasamaan. Karbon dengan kapasitas asam tertinggi selanjutnya digunakan sebagai katalis asam padat pada reaksi hidrolisis alang-alang. Glukosa yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan metode dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karbon tersulfonasi berbasis cangkang kemiri dapat digunakan sebagai katalis heterogen pada reaksi hidrolisis alang-alang.Kata kunci: cangkang kemiri, karbonisasi, sulfonasi, hidrolisis, alang-alang AbstractCogon grass (Imperata cylindrica) contains cellulose which is convertible to glucose through hydrolysis by using inorganic liquid acid catalyst. However, the use of such catalyst leads to corrosion problem, environment pollution, and complex separation. To overcome this problem, a sulfonated carbon catalyst was proposed. This study aimed to evaluate candlenut shell as carbon source for catalyst support in sulfonated carbon catalyst, and its application in cellulose hydrolysis. Candlenut shell was carbonized at 300-550 o C for 4 h. Resulting carbon was sulfonated at 120-150 o C for 6 h. Sulfonated carbon was assessed for its H + capacity/acidity. The carbon with highest acidity was applied as solid acid catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis. Resulting glucose was analyzed by dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) method. Results suggest that sulfonated carbon from candlenut shell can be utilized as heterogeneous catalyst in cogon grass hydrolysis.
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