Green open space has many benefits for humans. Unfortunately, the function of green open space cannot be fully felt due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Even though the application of physical distancing in the garden can be created through the use of garden border elements. As a first step in determining good and effective elements, this study aims to explore the preferences of garden designers in selecting garden border elements, their shapes, and arrangements to maintain the distance between garden users. This research is a perceptual research using a survey method obtained through distributing questionnaires and processed by quantitative descriptive and chi-square test. As for the results obtained in this study, garden designers agree that the border element is an effective way that can be used to implement physical distancing in public parks. Although, in general, garden designers prefer hardscape over softscapes as a border element, there are different preferences for the type of hardscape and softscape used. Garden designers prefer fences, portable benches> 2m apart and concrete construction as a hardscape barrier that can be applied to gardens that have been built. Meanwhile, the selection of softscape in the garden that has been built tends to use flowering shrubs as a border element. The conclusion of this study is the preference for material selection that is different in terms of functionality and aesthetics is caused by the pandemic

In Indonesia, Ngadas Village is one of the Agricultural Villages. Ngadas people do more activities in the fields than in their homes or dwellings. So, research about local wisdom of the Ngadas community in managing an agricultural landscape was fascinating. This research aimed to provide an overview of the initiative, creativity, work of the Ngadas community through artifacts in the agricultural landscape in Ngadas Village. The research was conducted through a qualitative approach. As a result, Tenggerese people have their way of survival. They are processing their crops by planting cover crops that function for animal feed. Nevertheless, ecologically, it has a significant impact on reducing erosion and eroding nutrients. Also, cover crops such as rumput gajah function as physical boundaries and form their field territory. Farmers in Ngadas also build farmhouses as a form of sustainable agriculture by making potato seeds from the harvest. Aside from being a potato seed storage, farmhouses are also a place to rest without leaving their cultural aspects, namely gegenen. Gegenen is an activity to make a body warms itself by burning charcoal when the weather is very cold. So it can be concluded that the local wisdom of the Ngadas community in managing their agricultural landscape is a form of adaptation from their environment.

Balai Sebut Village located in Perintis Hamlet, Sanggau Regency, which has indigenous people, namely Dayak Jangkang Bokidoh. Local wisdom in those areas still closely held, either tangible, such as traditional architectural forms, or intangible, such as traditional and cultural activities. This study discusses the visual form of the traditional house, the pattern of micro-space arrangement and traditional activities that use the -Gawai‖ space. -Gawai‖ is a religious ceremony as a sense of gratitude which involves the use of micro to macro spaces. The purpose of this research is to focus on the identification of house forms, settlement patterns, and cultural activities that using an architectural space as an effort to preserve traditional architecture which is precisely in Perintis Hamlet. The research method was carried out in a descriptive-qualitative manner with an ethnographic approach. Data collection was carried out through a focus group discussion. The results showed that the Dayak Jangkang Bokidoh tribe had architectural tangible and intangible values. Physical spaces that have architectural value will have meaning if there are activities that involve the space. In this case, seven kinds of traditions are still preserved in Balai Sebut village, namely in the form of -Gawai‖, which are related to the presence of ancestors, gratitude for the harvest, birth, death, and marriage as cultural activities that must be preserved together with the traditional house. So, -Gawai‖ can be said as a cultural activity that gives meaning to space in the traditional architecture of the Jangkang Bokidoh Dayak Tribe.

Indonesian society has its unique tradition reflected on how architectural elements are formed according to their own culture. One interesting phenomenon found in Malangsuko Hamlet, Malang Regency, Indonesia is a construction of a low wall called Buk. The buk is a simple construction shaped as a barrier on the sides of the bridge in front of the house that sized to the proportion of human sitting and is usually joined with the house’s fence. This construction eventually used as a place for various activities, such as sitting, chatting with neighbours, or gathering. Almost all houses in this hamlet own the buk. This paper tries to describe this phenomenon descriptively to get a more comprehensive understanding through the point of view of place attachment. This study provides another perspective in considering an inornate construction around society which built folksy by the locals. The result of this study shows that the buk interpreted as a place and has an emotional significance to the culture and its people. The buk has produced the social interaction and harmony between neighbours and be perceived into a cultural space by the community because of the activities therein and interactions formed between each other.

Ngadas Village has been designated as Tourism Village. Such determination may affect the morphology of Ngadas Village. Although tourism activities are regarded as things that can cause changes in the morphology of the region, but do not rule out the possibility of other factors. Thus, it is very important to know the factors other causes. Thus, massive morphological changes can be controlled by knowing the causal factors. Consequently, the sustainability of Ngadas as a traditional tourism village can be maintained. Method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method through synchronic and diachronic approach. In addition, this research also used spatial analysis to know morphology's development of Ngadas Village through Google Earth image in 2004, 2012, and 2017. The result of research indicates that factors causing morphological change of Ngadas Village are cultural factor, natural factor, demographic favtor, tourism development factor, building and land allotment, and government policy. AbstrakDesa Ngadas telah ditetapkan sebagai Desa Wisata. Penetapan tersebut dapat mempengaruhi morfologi Desa Ngadas. Meskipun kegiatan pariwisata dianggap sebagai hal yang dapat menyebabkan perubahan morfologi kawasan, namun tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya faktor lain. Sehingga, sangat penting untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor penyebab lain. Sehingga, perubahan morfologi yang massif dapat dikendalikan dengan mengetahui faktor penyebabnya. Dampaknya, keberlangsungan Ngadas sebagai Desa Wisata Adat dapat terjaga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif deskriptif melalui pendekatan sinkronik dan diakronik. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menggunakan analisis spasial untuk mengetahui perkembangan morfologi Desa Ngadas melalui citra Google Earth tahun 2004, 2012, dan 2017.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penyebab perubahan morfologi Desa Ngadas adalah faktor budaya, alam, demografi, faktor berkembangnya pariwisata, perubahan tata masa bangunan dan peruntukan lahan, serta kebijakan pemerintah.