Hypercholesterolemia is a condition which the cholesterol levels in the blood exceeds the normal value. The use of hypercholesterolemia drugs or synthetic drugs in a long term will cause severe side effects. Therefore, it is important to explore an alternative preventive agent of hypercholesterolemia derived from natural materials, such as activated charcoal. The activated charcoal can absorb substances thousands times of its own weight and might be an effective and non-toxic material. The research aimed to determine the preventive effect of activated charcoal towards HDL level and aorta’s histopathology. This experiment used 24 male rats in randomized design that were divided into six groups: negative control (1); positive control (2), and four groups of treatments with activated charcoal doses of 2.250 mg/kg BW (3), 4.950 mg/kg BW (4), 6.750 mg/kg BW (5) 4.950 mg/kg BW (6), respectively, for 14 days. Simultaneously, all groups were received high cholesterol diet except group 1 and group 6. High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) level was measured by the spectrophotometry method and the data of HDL were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA and followed by the Tukey test (p<0.05), while aorta’s histopathology were analyzed descriptively. Therapeutic dose of 4.950 mg/kg BW (group 4) showed the best dose in increasing HDL levels by 42% compared to positive control. Activated charcoal reduced the inflammation cells and the defect of aorta’s histopathology. Based on the results, activated charcoal prevents the decreasing of HDL level and a defect of aorta’s histopathology.

Pyometra is an infection or inflammation of the uterine wall characterized by the accumulation of pus in the uterine lumen. Predisposing factors include age, breed, bacterial infection, and hormones. Another disease that is often correlated with an imbalance in reproductive hormones is mammary tumors. A 7-year-old unspayed female Pitbull dog weighed 27.9 kg has clinical symptoms of frequent discharge of mucopurulent reddish-brown discharge with a foul odor from the vagina. The left mammary glands of the second, third, and fourth nipples have lumps about 20 cm in diameter, are solid in consistency, well-defined, the same color as the skin surface, and can be moved. Diagnosis performed on physical examination, hematology, blood chemistry, and cytology was pyometra and mammary tumors. Treatment was done by ovariohysterectomy and unilateral mastectomy. Post-surgery therapy was enrofloxacin 5 mg/kg, ketoprofen 2 mg/kg, phytomenadione 1 mg/kg, and Biodin® 0.1 ml/kg, followed by intensive surgical wound care. The patient recovered after two months of treatment.

Acute kidney injury is a loss of kidney function characterized by decreased kidney function, decreased glomerular filtration, and increased levels of urea and creatinine. Blueberry extract has a high anthocyanin content which can act as an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, making it a potential candidate for natural therapy for acute kidney injury. The purpose of this research was to determine the role of blueberry extract on TNF-α expression and the number of inflammatory cells in acute kidney injury. Rats (Rattus norvegicus) male Wistar stock aged 6-8 weeks, body weight between 200-250 grams, 20 rats were divided into 5 groups consisting of a negative control group (NC), namely rats without treatment, a positive control group (PC) namely rats induced acute kidney injury by glycerol 50%, and therapy groups T1, T2, T3 induced acute kidney injury and were given blueberry extract at doses of 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg respectively. The Blueberry extract was given orally 1 x 24 hours for 14 days. At the end of the research, the rats were euthanized, and the rats' kidneys were taken for the measurement of TNF-α expression using immunohistochemical staining and the number of inflammatory cells using hematoxylin-eosin staining. Analysis of quantitative data on TNF-α expression and the inflammatory cells count using the One Way ANOVA test with a significance value of P<0.05. The results showed that the extract of Blueberry could reduce TNF-α expression (P<0.05) and the number of inflammatory cells (P<0.05) in the kidney with the best dose of 1500 mg/kg. The conclusion is the blueberry extract has a therapeutic effect on acute kidney injury based on TNF-α expression and the number of inflammatory cells.

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ABSTRAK: Anjing merupakan salah satu hewan kesayangan yang dapat menularkan penyakit zoonosis kepada manusia. Pengetahuan pemilik anjing peliharaan akan pencegahan penularan penyakit zoonosis diperlukan agar dapat menurunkan tingkat kejadian penularan penyakit zoonosis dari anjing ke manusia. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan dan kesadaran pemilik anjing tentang penyakit zoonosis dan pencegahan penularan penyakit zoonosis dari anjing manusia di Kota Malang. Sebagian besar pemilik anjing di Kota Malang telah mengetahui jenis penyakit zoonosis yang ditularkan oleh anjing ke manusia, dan sebagian besar telah menerapkan cara pencegahan penularan penyakit tersebut. Sebagian besar pemilik hewan telah menerapkan vaksinasi sebagai tindakan pencegahan kejadian penyakit pada anjing.