Background: Indonesia is a country with the world's biggest potential and producer of sea cucumbers. Golden sea cucumber contains glicosaminoglycans, such as heparan sulphate and chondroitin sulphate, which could have a positive implication on wound healing process. This acceleration of wound healing process could be observed through the increasing of lymphocytes on ulcus traumaticus. Purpose: This study aims to analyze the effects of golden sea cucumber extract on the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat's oral mucous. Method: Golden sea cucumber extrat was made with freeze-dried method, and then gel was prepared using PEG 400 and PEG 4000 solvent. Twenty male rats with mucosal ulcus made were divided into a control group and three treatment groups with 20%, 40% and 80% golden sea cucumber extracts. All samples were euthanized on day 4 and then a preparation for histopathological examination was made to examine the number of lymphocytes. Result: The biggest number of lymphocytes was found in the treatment group with 40% golden sea cucumber extract, while the lowest one was found in the control group. The results of one way Anova test then showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment groups. And, the results of Tukey HSD showed a significant difference between the control group and the treatment group with 40% golden sea cucumber extract. Conclusion: It can be concluded that 40% golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) extract can increase the number of lymphocytes during the healing process of traumatic ulcer on Wistar rat's oral mucous.

Background: There is strong evidence to support the claim that periodontitis may be more prevalent among diabetic individuals. Collagen degradation represents one of the key events in periodontal destructive lesions. The level of matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP-8) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP-1) are key to periodontal collagenolysis and associated with the severity of periodontal inflammation and disease. Host modulatory therapy has been proposed as a treatment for periodontal diseases. Sardinella longiceps (lemuru) fish oil containing polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including omega 3 and 6, has been shown to possess therapeutic anti-inflammatory and protective properties effective against inflammatory diseases, including periodontitis. Purpose: The study aimed to examine the effect of dietary supplementation of Sardinella longiceps fish oil on protection against periodontal destruction resulting from the expression of MMP-8 and TIMP-1. Methods: Wistar rat samples are divided into four groups: a negative control group and three groups receiving Sardinella longiceps fish oil treatment (4 ml/ weight (Kg), 8 ml/ weight (Kg) and 16 ml/ weight (Kg). One week before treatment, all groups were administered with streptozotocin (STZ) 65 ml/ weight (Kg) and nicotinamide 110 ml/ weight (Kg) to induce diabetic conditions. Immunohistochemistry slides of periodontal tissues were prepared after three weeks of treatment. The expression of MMP-8 and TIMP-1 was counted using the HSCORE index, data was analyzed by means of non-parametric methods using Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Statistical analyses confirmed a significant increase in MMP-8 expression and a reduction in TIMP-1 expression in the negative control group compared to the treatment group (p<0.05). Meanwhile, the treatment group showed a significant reduction in MMP-8 expression and a marked increase in TIMP-1 expression, with the best result produced by the administering of 16 ml/ weight (Kg) Sardinella longiceps fish oil to the treatment group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Dietary supplementation of Sardinella longiceps fish oil can protect against periodontal destruction under diabetic conditions, by decreasing MMP-8 expression and increasing TIMP-1 expression.

Introduction: Expansion appliance that can imply tooth movement and opening maxilla suture might affect the blood vessels, bone cells, and formation of the new bone. HBOT accelerated the rate of osteoblast differentiation leading to an increase in bone formation during osteonecrosis. Research about HBOT during maxillary suture expansion has never been investigated. The purpose of this research was to correlate the blood vessels number, osteoblast by administered 2.4 ATA HBOT from day 8-14 to imply new bone formation during maxillary suture expansion. Methods: Eighteen male guinea pigs with randomised post-test only control group design divided into 3 groups. Negative control group K(-), positive control with expansion appliance K(+), expansion appliance and HBOT (P). After 14 days guinea pigs were decapitated. Histological slide of the blood vessels number, osteoblast, and new bone formation were examined under a light microscope then were analysed by regression test. Results: Descriptive test showed increasing blood vessels number, osteoblast, and new bone formation on the administration of HBOT during maxillary suture expansion. Regression test showed that there was a strong correlation between the blood vessels number and osteoblast to the new bone formation with R=6.95 during maxillary suture expansion. Conclusion: 2.4 ATA HBOT influences the intercausal relationship between increasing blood vessels number, increasing osteoblast, and new bone formation during maxillary suture expansion.

Objective Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of tooth-supporting tissue, caused by the bacterium such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. Inflammation that not treated can lead to resorption of alveolar bone. It is suggested that supportive medicines are needed to regenerate bone, one of them is lemuru fish oil gel (Sardinella Longiceps). Lemuru fish oil can act as an immunomodulator and anti-bacterium. Flavonoid content in fish oil plays a role to inhibit lipid peroxidation so it is effective in killing bacteria that can reduce LPS production. The content of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in lemuru fish oil lead to modulate IL-10, inhibition the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 β), prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2), tumor necrosis factor alfa (TNFα) that will decrease receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β-ligand (RANK-RANKL) band and result is increased osteoblast, decreased osteoclasts number which speeds up the bone regeneration process Objective: To determine the effect of topically applying lemuru fish oil in on periodontal Wistar Rats after induction of Periodontitis with P.gingivalis bacteria. Materials and Methods Experimental research laboratories with post-test only control group design. Samples of 25 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups. K-(no induction), K (induced with P. gingivalis), P1 (induced with P. gingivalis and 10% lemuru oil gel therapy), P2 (induced with P. gingivalis and 20% lemuru fish oil gel therapy), P3 (induced with P. gingivalis and 40% lemuru oil gel therapy). Induction of the bacterium P.gingivalis was carried out, then the lemuru fish oil gel was given to gingival sulcus for 14 days. Observations were made by calculating osteoblast and osteoclast cells in histology samples using HE (Hematoxylin Eosin). Results The LSD statistic test showed a significant difference between the P. Gingivalis induction group with no treatment and treatment group using lemuru fish oil. The treatment using lemuru fish oil gel can increase the number of osteoblasts and decrease the number of osteoclast to the induction of P.gingivalis bacteria, with the most effective number of osteoblasts found in P2 group with a concentration of 20% lemuru fish oil gel therapy. Conclusion Topical Lemuru Fish oil gel can be used as alveolar bone regeneration therapy on periodontitis induced with P.gingivalis.

Introduction:Gold sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanii) is a marine organism that contains omega-3 and glycosaminoglycan for enhancing collagen needed in the healing process. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of gold sea cucumber extracts in accelerating the healing process of oral traumatic ulcer in Wistar rats, in terms of the correlation between collagen type I expression, ulcer diameter, and body weight loss. Methods: Twenty Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) was divided into four groups and treated with gold sea cucumber extracts with the concentration of 80%, 40%, and 20% in the form of 0.1 ml gel daily. The negative control group received no treatment. Ulceration of the lower lip of labial mucosa was induced by a burnisher. The animals were observed for 7 days, during which they were weighed and the ulcers diameter was measured. The rats were then sacrificed after 7 days of treatment. Histometric analysis of collagen type I expression was also performed. Data obtained were analysed for differences between the group with one-way ANOVA test and the correlation was analysed with the Pearson test. Results: The significant differences (p < 0.05) between treatment groups was found in the ulcer diameters and the collagen type I expression. The most decreased ulcer diameter and the highest collagen type I expression detected in the group of treatment with a concentration of 80%no significant differences found in the weight loss between-groups (p > 0.05). Strong correlation was also found between the expression of collagen type I and diameter of ulcer (Pearson correlation = 0.599, p = 0.05), however, no correlation found between weight loss with the expression of collagen type I (Pearson correlation = -0.102, p = 0.66), and the ulcer diameter (Pearson correlation = 0.022, p = 0.92). Conclusion: Gold sea cucumber had a potential benefit to be used as a traumatic ulcer healing medicament. Water extract of gold sea cucumber able to accelerate traumatic ulcer healing by enhancing the production of collagen type I and reduce the diameter of ulcer. There is a strong correlation between collagen type 1 expression and diameter of ulcer, and a weak correlation found between body weight loss and collagen type I expression, also with reducing ulcer diameter.