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Keywords: social entrepreneurship in tourism, local community, participation, tourism AbstrakKewirausahaan sosial pariwisata di Indonesia berawal dari kenyataan bahwa pariwisata seringkali mengabaikan kesempatan masyarakat lokal untuk berpartisipasi dalam pengembangan pariwisata di daerah mereka sendiri. Ekonomi positif dari pembangunan pariwisata sering dinikmati oleh orang dari luar daerah. Artikel ini membahas tantangan yang dihadapi dalam pelaksanaan kewirausahaan sosial di Madura, Jawa Timur. Ini termasuk tantangan yang dihadapi oleh masyarakat Madura dalam mengembangkan jiwa entrepreneur sosial dan bisnis. Dengan mengacu pada wawancara mendalam pada 31 partisipan, hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa implementasi kewirausahaan sosial sebagian besar dikembangkan atas inisiatif penduduk lokal. Kurangnya dukungan dari pemerintah dalam mengembangkan kewirausahaan sosial ini merupakan salah satu tantangan yang mereka hadapi dalam mengembangkan kewirausahaan sosial. Temuan penelitian ini tidak konsisten dengan pandangan bahwa partisipasi masyarakat lokal dalam pariwisata sangat penting dalam pengembangan pariwisata. Oleh karena itu, temuan ini akan berfungsi sebagai 'wake-up call' bagi pemerintah Indonesia untuk lebih memperhatikan dan mengikutsertakan masyarakat lokal dalam proses pembangunan pariwisata, terutama dalam mengembangkan semangat entrepreneur sosial mereka serta memberikan dukungan yang memadai untuk bisnis kewirausahaan sosial mereka untuk tumbuh.Kata kunci: kewirausahaan sosial dalam pariwisata, penduduk lokal, partisipasi, pariwisata

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The implementation of inclusive sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the tourism sector must promote opportunities and experiences for people with disabilities. This study explored the tourism experiences of people with disabilities in Indonesia. This phenomenological study reported on data collected through in-depth interviews with participants whose disabilities impact their lived experiences in tourism. Several themes, grounded in lived experiences, emerged from systematic analysis of the data. These include desire for relaxation, unaccommodated needs, inability to travel alone, unheard voices, and lack of empathy and awareness. These findings strengthen theory by conceptualizing the original voices of the tourism experience through past experiences. The results contribute to growing tourism literature on accessible tourism and the sustainable development goals by presenting insights of the tourism experiences of people with disabilities in the Indonesian context and other developing countries. The voices of disability experience in tourism help to improve the understanding of inclusivity as it relates to tourism experiences, and the need to hear the voices of people with disabilities in tourism planning.

In developing countries, tourism is typically implemented through a top-down planning approach ([12]; Teye, Sirakaya & Sönmez 2002), and decision-making is mostly based on the interventions of government agencies and large multinational tourism firms [12]. As a result, the dominance of external, often foreign capital, and the marginalization of local people is common (Dola & Mijan 2006; Hampton 2003; [12]). Local communities in developing countries often gain only small advantages from tourism (Hampton 2003; [13]). This has been attributed to local people being exploited and having little power to control the tourism development process. In fact, local communities in developing countries are frequently excluded from tourism development, particularly in decision-making and the management of tourism projects (Teye et al. 2002). Braga maintains that social entrepreneurship is the creation of social impact by developing and implementing a sustainable business model that draws on innovative solutions that benefit the disadvantaged and, ultimately, society at large. This article reviews social entrepreneurship in tourism as a way to participate in tourism. Tourism often neglects the opportunity of local people to involve locals in tourism development in their own area. The positive economy of tourism is often enjoyed by outsiders. This article also slightly draws result on how the tourism social entrepreneurship is implemented. Drawing on in-depth interviews of 37 residents, this study explores the social entrepreneurship in tourism in Madura Island. It is argued that the social entrepreneurship is mostly developed initiatively by the participants and indeed is a way to involve locals to participate in tourism.