IntroductionDrug use and its social and health consequences are subject of interest. Students' surveys are epidemiological strategies to monitor this problem, and they are complemented with household and specific population surveys. All this can show in advance some phenomenon that later is visible in general population. Besides drug use trends and patterns, these studies show the influence of other factors that may increase the drugs use and their consequences.
Introduction. Marijuana use among the student population has increased in Mexico and Latin America. There are social, interpersonal and individual factors associated with the onset and continuation of marijuana use. These include the availability of drugs in the community, opportunity for use, low perceived risk of harm from marijuana use and social tolerance by family and close friends. Moreover, these factors increase the probability of experimenting with other drugs, polysubstance use and dependence. Objective. To identify the relationship between the level of urbanization, drug availability, exposure to opportunity for use, risk perception and social tolerance of the level of marijuana use among Mexican middle and high school students. Method. The results are drawn from various surveys conducted in Mexico City and the National Survey of Drug Use among Students 2014. A total of 114 364 middle and high school students participated (49.8% boys and 50.2% girls). Results. Of the respondent 10.6% had used marijuana at least once (12.9% boys and 8.4% girls). The variables that predicted higher marijuana use were drug use approval by family and best friend,, the level of urbanization and low risk perception. Discussion and conclusion. Action must be taken on the factors mentioned to decrease the availability and use of drugs in the environment, and raise awareness of their consequences. These elements must be introduced systematically and creatively into preventive programs in this area.
Introducción: la falta de oportunidades de estudio o trabajo incrementa la vulnerabilidad de los jóvenes, quienes ante la inestabilidad pueden iniciarse en el consumo de tabaco o de otras sustancias adictivas. Objetivo: analizar cómo es el consumo de tabaco entre grupos de adolescentes y jóvenes que sólo estudian, sólo trabajan, estudian y trabajan, o no estudian ni trabajan. Método: se tomó una muestra nacional de 6 mil 72 jóvenes de 12 a 25 años con datos que provienen de la Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2011, con un diseño aleatorio, probabilístico y polietápico. Se midió el consumo alguna vez, en el último año y en el último mes, así como el uso diario de tabaco y el consumo de más de 100 cigarros. Resultados: los hombres de 12 a 17 años que no estudian y no trabajan tienen un consumo de tabaco mayor que aquellos que sólo estudian. Tanto en hombres como en mujeres de 12 a 25 años, quienes trabajan presentan un consumo mayor de tabaco que los jóvenes que sólo estudian. Discusión y conclusiones: el riesgo de consumo de sustancias no se da únicamente entre los jóvenes que no estudian y no trabajan, sino también en aquellos que estando en edad de estudiar, se encuentran laborando, por lo que es importante reforzar y actualizar los programas de prevención del consumo de tabaco que han permitido contener, y en algunos casos disminuir, los niveles de consumo de la población.
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