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The aim of our study was to compare different regimes of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) mobilization, i.e., cyclophosphamide combined with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (Cy/G-CSF), versus cytarabine with G-CSF (Ara-C/G-CSF). Efficiency and toxicity of these treatment regimens were assessed. Achievement of partial remission of the disease was sufficient for successful mobilization. CD34+ cell numbers in the blood showed a significant correlation with total number of CD34+ yielded by apheresis on the same day. When comparing the two groups of mobilization we have revealed that the patients treated with AraC + G-CSF yielded higher amounts of CD34+ cells in peripheral blood on the first apheresis day. Moreover, lesser occurrence of toxicity was revealed in group of patients treated with AraC-G-CSF.

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In present research the comparative analysis of donor chimerism (DC) using different tests was performed to improve the diagnostic tool in patients with malignant hematological disorders after allo-HSCT. The RBC antigen typing, identification of ABO blood type and quantitative analysis of InDel-, STR-, Y-polymorphisms were carried out for detection of DC. In addition, the expression of well-known oncogenes and CD-markers for monitoring MRD was evaluated to predict relapse and clinical outcome. According to our research, the analysis of InDel polymorphism using AlleleSEQR-PCR is more sensitive test for estimation of DC as compared with other assays. Moreover, the sensitivity of AlleleSEQR-PCR may be increased after isolation of the CD34 cell population in bone marrow. Nevertheless, observation of high levels in DC (³95%) in some leukemia patients (ALL, Ph+, bcr-abl/p190+) during first 6 months after HSCT cannot exclude the possibility of relapse. Thus, the combined monitoring of both DC (InDel) and MRD (oncogenes, WT1 and CD-markers) is a more advisable and useful test in managing hematologic malignancies and predicting relapse risk after allo-HSCT.