An analysis of the scientific literature, it was found that renal transplantation has profound psychological, existential, emotional, relational and social implications, both for the receiving patient for the donor. Consequently, it is necessary to study and to assessment the mental aspects of both patients, based on a thorough analysis of the psychic and personological profile, adopting a multidisciplinary approach in order to avoid issues not properly evaluated and analyzed, they can affect the success of the transplant, and/or they can lead to psychological distress and mental suffering for the patient. At the same time, it assumes a role of fundamental importance the evaluation of the quantity and quality of the family and social support system, in which the patient is inserted. This allows to investigate both how the family environment plays a supporting role in material terms and emotional for the candidate, both to observe the patterns of communication between the various family members. This paper documents the importance of providing and program, for a better post-transplant rehabilitation and for the obvious risks of psychopathology, the development of interdisciplinary interventions, one of the social and health and basic psychotherapeutic tasks, without which the next adaptation after transplantation may be difficult and which significantly impacted the quality of life for all involved.