El presente artículo tiene como objetivo la evaluación de los impactos económicos, socioculturales y medioambientales ocasionados por el turismo en España. En concreto, el artículo mide la percepción que de ellos tienen los residentes de 151 municipios turísticos valorando las posibles diferencias entre las percepciones de los residentes de destinos de sol y playa y de interior. Para ello, se han realizado 1027 encuestas analizadas a través de la prueba paramétrica para la comparación de medias (ANOVA). Este análisis ha permitido determinar, entre otras cuestiones, que los residentes de los destinos de sol y playa perciben los impactos del turismo de forma más negativa que los de los destinos de interior. This article aims to evaluate the perception of the Spanish residents about the economic, sociocultural and environmental impacts that tourism generate in Spain. In particular, the article analyse the resident percepcion of the impacts in 151 spanish destinations making distinctions between coastal destinations and hinterland destinations. To this end we have made a one way ANOVA based on 1027 surveys. This analysis of the data shows that those resident who live in coastal areas perceive more strongly the negatives effects of tourism than those who live in hinterlands.

En el mercado turístico actual, la alta competencia existente entre los destinos lleva a sus responsables a invertir dinero, tiempo y esfuerzo en tratar de transmitir una buena imagen, para lo cual se desarrollan importantes estrategias de promoción. En el caso objeto de estudio del presente trabajo, España, la promoción turística del país llevada a cabo a nivel internacional desde el gobierno central ha jugado un papel importante en el desarrollo y crecimiento de España como destino turístico, que desde hace años ocupa puestos líder en rankings internacionales. El boom turístico de los años 50 supuso para España un alto nivel de ingresos y popularidad, pero también serios perjuicios en el entorno cuando todavía no se prestaba atención a la sostenibilidad de la actividad turística. Poco a poco, las estrategias promocionales en España se fueron adaptando a las necesidades del mercado y a la importancia de que el turismo fuera sostenible. Para que el desarrollo turístico de un destino sea sostenible es necesaria la implantación de planes estratégicos adecuados, y este trabajo permite, gracias al estudio de un caso real, analizar la influencia de la promoción turística en la evolución de un destino turístico hacia la sostenibilidad.

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Purpose This paper aims to study the effect of imbalanced data in tourism quality models. It is demonstrated that this imbalance strongly affects the accuracy of tourism prediction models for hotel recommendation. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire was used to survey 83,740 clients from hotels between five and two or less stars using a binary logistic model. The data correspond to a sample of 87 hotels from all around the world (120 countries from America, Africa, Asia, Europe and Australia). Findings The results of the study suggest that the imbalance in the data affects the prediction accuracy of the models used, especially to the prediction provided by unsatisfied clients, tending to consider them as satisfied customers. Practical implications In this sense, special attention should be given to unsatisfied clients or, at least, some safeguards to prevent the effect of the imbalance of data should be included in the models. Social implications In the tourism industry, the strong imbalance between satisfied and unsatisfied customers produces misleading prediction results. This fact could have effects on the quality policy of hoteliers. Originality/value In this work, focusing on tourism data, it is shown that this imbalance strongly affects the prediction accuracy of the models used, especially to the prediction of the recommendation provided by unsatisfied customers, tending to consider them as satisfied customers; a methodological approach based on the balance of the data set used to build the models is proposed to improve the accuracy of the prediction for unsatisfied customers provided by traditional services quality models.

Purpose Assessing the impacts generated by tourism has become an essential element for the industry’s sustainability. The increasing intensity of the impacts and the need to evaluate them from a resident’s perspective calls for new approaches to assist tourism management. This paper aims to advance from the pressure-state-response framework (PSR) to measure the tourism impacts in urban destinations with a holistic model called PSR-ti. Design/methodology/approach A multiple linear regression method was adopted to apply the PSR-ti model in the city of Madrid, estimating the relationship between the pressure (objective) and state (subjective) variables. Local statistical yearbook data was used to construct the pressure variables. Regarding the state variables, a survey was designed to assess residents’ perceptions of tourism. A total of 652 responses were obtained. Findings The results obtained from the study of pressure indicators unveil that these indicators can support decision-making processes as an underused management tool. This work represents a step forward in considering the transversality of tourism concerning urban planning, the development of equipment and infrastructures or activities such as commerce and culture for the analysis of the state indicators; the results obtained determine the need to periodically evaluate the perception of residents on the impacts of tourism, given its crucial role in the sustainability of the destination. Originality/value The PSR-ti model offers a holistic vision, including objective and subjective indicators in the model, which enhances the appraisal of the impacts of tourism by identifying pressure and state factors as a starting point for possible responses by the decision makers of the tourist destination.