BackgroundIdiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder with increased intracranial pressure of obscure cause. Patients with IIH may suffer from difficulty in thinking or concentrating. This work aimed at highlighting the neurophysiologic suggestions of cognitive impairment in IIH patients.MethodsTwenty patients with IIH—and a similar number of matched control subjects—were examined in this case–control study. The P300 and contingent negative variation (CNV) were performed. Results from both groups were compared.ResultsThere were significant lower means of P300 amplitude and CNV amplitude (early and late response) in patients than in controls. Also, there were significant delayed latencies of P300 and CNV in patients than in normal control subjects. Finally, P300 latency was correlated to mini-mental state examination.ConclusionsWe concluded that cognitive affection in IIH is well appreciated at neurophysiologic levels and is related to clinical inputs. We are providing a suggestion of the significant relation between clinical screening (i.e., mini-mental state examination) and NP screening (i.e., P300) of cognitive functions.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (10.1186/s41983-018-0010-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a disorder of unknown etiology. Goals of treatment are to preserve vision and alleviate symptoms, including intractable headache, pulsatile tinnitus, and nausea. Cognition is not addressed routinely during clinical evaluation of IIH patients. Objective: The current study was designed to test whether there is cognitive impairment in IIH patients or not and to evaluate the nature and characteristics of cognitive functions in these patients. Methods: A case-control study conducted on 40 subjects; 20 with IIH and 20 healthy controls. Patients underwent full clinical and neurological examination as well as cognitive testing using eight psychometric tests. Results: Patients with IIH performed significantly worse than controls in multiple cognitive domains (p value ≤ 0.05). Deficits were most pronounced in working memory, executive functions, visuospatial functions, attention, and processing speed. Conclusions: Patients with IIH have significant cognitive impairment, particularly in executive functions and memory. All domain measures showed a statistically significant difference from normal individuals, indicating that there is a form of multidomain cognitive impairment in IIH. The relationship between cognitive impairment and chronically elevated intracranial pressure and its role in contributing to patient morbidity should be considered.

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccine-related side effects are a key concern with the emergence of various types of vaccines in the market. We aimed to assess the frequency and characteristics of headache following different types of COVID-19 vaccines.Methods: Fully vaccinated people were recruited by a convenience sample through an online survey from September 1 to December 1, 2021. Detailed analysis of headache following vaccination was investigated. Participants with a history of pre-existing headaches were telephone interviewed by a neurologist to ascertain the type of headache.Results: A total of 1372 participants participated (mean age 32.9 ± 11.1). The highest frequency of headache was reported with the adenoviral vector type (302/563, 53.6%), followed by mRNA vaccines (129/269, 48%) and then the inactivated type (188/540, 34.8%). Recipients of the adenoviral vector type had a significantly longer latency between vaccination and the headache onset (median 8 h [5:12]) than recipients of the inactivated type (median 4 h [2:8], p < 0.001). Headache intensity was significantly higher with the adenoviral vector type (median 6 [5:8]) than with the inactivated type (median 5 [4:7], p < 0.001). Adenoviral vector vaccines would increase the likelihood of headache by 2.38 times more than inactivated vaccines (odds ratio[OR] 2.38, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.83-3.04, p < 0.001). Female sex and thyroid disease were significantly associated with headache related to COVID-19 vaccines

Background: Focal seizures related to non-ketotic hyperglycemia (NKH) are rare in clinical practice. Plasma glucose levels are usually above 16.6 mmol/L and with normal or slightly elevated serum osmolality. The occurrence of focal seizures may be augmented by the absence of ketoacidosis. Electroencephalogram (EEG) during seizures usually confirms the diagnosis, however, the absence of epileptiform discharges does not rule out seizures. A non-ketotic hyperglycemiaassociated occipital lobe seizure can manifest itself as color flashes, blurry vision with periodic confusion, and usually resolves with insulin treatment and rehydration. Recently, seizures associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia have been found to be associated with subcortical T2 hypointensity on magnetic resonance imaging, especially in the occipital lobes. However, the mechanism remains unclear, although iron accumulation is suggested. Case Presentation: We present a case 41- year-old male patient who presented headache, left-sided visual disturbances in the form of seeing round, colored flickering lights with left homonymous hemianopia and occipital lobe seizures associated with nonketotic hyperglycemia found to have a blood glucose of 18 mmol/L with a normal anion gap of 10 and calculated serum osmolality of 303 mOsm/L. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain showed subcortical T2 and flair hypointensity due to iron accumulation .The patient’s visual disturbances and seizures responded to rehydration and insulin treatment. Conclusion: In conclusion, nonketotic hyperglycemia can be associated with occipital lobe seizures supporting the role of iron accumulation as a mechanism for subcortical T2 hypointensity in magnetic resonance imaging. Hyperglycemia should be taken into consideration when making an etiologic diagnosis of homonymous hemianopia.