Thirty-two linear regression equations predict the frequency composition of the electroencephalogram within four frequency bands, for four bilateral regions of the brain, as a function of age. Equations based on such data from large groups of healthy children in the United States and Sweden are closely similar. These equations describe the development of the electrical activity of the normal human brain, independent of cultural, ethnic, socioeconomic, or sex factors.

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Summary1. Ring-recovery data can be used to obtain estimates of survival probability which is a key demographic parameter of interest for wild animal populations. Conditional modelling of ring-recovery data is needed when cohort numbers are unavailable or unreliable. It is often necessary to include in such analysis a recovery probability that is declining as a function of time, and failure to do this can result in biased estimates of annual survival. 2. Corresponding estimates of survival probability need to be reliable in order for correct conclusions to be drawn regarding the effects of climate change. 3. We show that standard logistic modelling of a decline in recovery probability is unsatisfactory, and propose and investigate a range of alternative procedures. 4. Methods are illustrated by application to a recovery data set on grey herons. The model selected is a scaled-logistic model, and it is shown to provide a unifying analysis of several data sets collected on different common bird species. The model makes specific predictions, providing potential new insights and avenues for ecological research. The wider performance of this model is evaluated through simulation. 5. In this study, we propose a new scaled-logistic model for the analysis of ring-recovery data without cohort numbers, which incorporates a reporting probability that declines over time. The model is shown to perform well in simulation studies and for both a single real data set and several real data sets in combination. Its use has the potential to reduce bias in estimates of wild animal survival that currently do not incorporate such reporting probabilities. Alternative models are shown to possess undesirable features.

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