Introducción: El tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) es una patología frecuente, que genera repercusiones hemodinámicas importantes y alta tasa de mortalidad, con alta incidencia en la enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19). Objetivo: Caracterizar el comportamiento clínico, de diagnóstico y pronóstico de los pacientes con sospecha de TEP antes y durante la pandemia de SARS-CoV-2. Metodología: Estudio de cohorte prospectiva de pacientes adultos llevados a angiotomografía de tórax por sospecha de TEP durante dos periodos de tiempo: a) pre-COVID-19: junio de 2018 a diciembre de 2019, y b) COVID-19: junio a diciembre de 2020. Se condujeron análisis bivariados y se construyeron curvas ROC calculando las áreas bajo la curva para el diagnóstico de TEP del dímero D y las reglas de predicción clínica. Resultados: Se incluyeron 302 pacientes pre COVID-19 y 55 pacientes con COVID-19. El dímero D muestra un desempeño moderado para diagnóstico del TEP con AUC: 0,73 (IC 95% 0,62-0,84) en fase pre-COVID-19 vs. 0,75 (IC95% 0,58-0,92) en fase COVID-19. Las áreas bajo la curva de cada una de las reglas de predicción clínica tuvieron un desempeño moderado a bajo en la fase pre-COVID-19 (AUC: 0,623 a 0,697), frente a una no discriminatoria en la fase COVID-19 (0,355 a 0,450). Conclusiones: Los factores de riesgo tradicional fueron poco prevalentes en pacientes con COVID-19 y TEP. Aunque el dímero D fue más alto en aquellos con TEP, la diferencia no fue estadísticamente significativa. Las reglas de predicción clínicas para el diagnóstico de TEP mostraron un bajo poder discriminativo en pacientes con COVID-19.
Background Diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) constitutes a challenge for practitioners. Current practice involves use of pre-test probability prediction rules. Several strategies to optimize this process have been explored. Objectives To explore whether application of the pulmonary embolism rule-out criteria (PERC rule) and age-adjusted D-dimer (DD) would have reduced the number of computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) examinations performed in patients with suspected PE. Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study of adult patients taken for CTPA under suspicion of PE in 2018 and 2020. The PERC rule and age-adjusted DD were applied. The number of cases without indications for imaging studies was estimated and the operational characteristics for diagnosis of PE were calculated. Results 302 patients were included. PE was diagnosed in 29.8%. Only 27.2% of ‘not probable’ cases according to the Wells criteria had D-dimer assays. Age adjustment would have reduced tomography use by 11.1%, with an AUC of 0.5. The PERC rule would have reduced use by 7%, with an AUC of 0.72. Conclusions Application of age-adjusted D-dimer and the PERC rule to patients taken for CTPA because of suspected PE seems to reduce the number of indications for the procedure.
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