Our article presents the results of the analyses we performed by corroborating the Optical Microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive Xray Analysis and micro Fourier Transformed InfraRed Analysis techniques to identify the archaeo-metallurgic casting and ornamentation procedure of a decorated disk-butted axe, which was discovered recently east of the Carpathian mountains, in the Moldavian Plateau. There are few known axes of that type found (A1, according to the usual typologies), as they are specific to the Middle Bronze Age period west of the Carpathians-the Wietenberg, Suciu de Sus, and Otomani-Füzesabony cultures. The experimental data on the item under study revealed the fact that after casting it in molds made from porous silicone-based stone, the object was coated with a thin layer, by immersing it in a lightly fusible tin alloy, whose main alloy component was copper and arsenic and iron as secondary components. After refining the shiny white layer, they applied a beautiful decoration pattern made by incision and engraving. This battle axe was an indication of higher status, such items usually being owned by community leaders. This important fact proves that the ancient metallurgic craftsmen were able to elaborate and manufacture various alloys from which they made beautiful objects and it also offers a new insight into the social and symbolic function of certain antique bronze items.
Cele 15 campanii de săpături întreprinse în situl Isaiia-Balta Popii, în perioada 1996-2018, au avut ca rezultat dezvelirea aproape integrală a unei bogate așezări din eneoliticul timpuriu (cultura Precucuteni) și obținerea unor date de mare importanță pentru înțelegerea evoluției și cunoașterea vieții materiale și spirituale a acestei civilizații, mai ales în spațiul dintre râurile Prut și Siret. Locul, situat în apropiere de confluența Prutului cu Jijia, a atras, prin condițiile mediului favorabil și comunități din alte perioade: cultura ceramicii liniare din neoliticul dezvoltat, Bronz timpuriu și mijlociu, Hallstatt timpuriu (cultura Corlăteni), o necropolă sarmatică, perioada medievală timpurie (cultura Răducăneni) şi epoca modernă. Aşezarea Precucuteni a cunoscut trei secvențe de locuire, încadrate în etapa evoluată a fazei a II-a și la începutul fazei a III-a a acestei culturi. Așezarea a ocupat o suprafață de aproape 4000 m 2 , fiind delimitată de un șanț de apărare, cu traseu aproximativ semicircular. Dintre cele 14 locuințe cercetate, 11 (toate de suprafață) aparțineau locuirii Precucuteni. În cele mai multe cazuri, locuințele au avut șanțuri de fundație, în care se înfigeau stâlpii de susținere a pereților. Dintre descoperiri, se remarcă ansamblul de piese de cult din locuința nr. 1, care a permis să se vorbească despre existența unei magii a numerelor. Cercetările au îmbrăcat și un caracter interdisciplinar variat (cu sprijinul specialiștilor de la Centrul Arheoinvest al Universității "Al. I. Cuza" din Iași), vizând atât cercetarea propriu-zisă de teren, cât şi interpretarea rezultatelor. Articolul prezintă principalele rezultate obținute prin analize geografic-pedologice, topografice, geologice, prospecțiuni geomagnetice, arheozoologice, paleobotanice, palinologice, traseologice (utilaj litic şi MDA), imagini satelitare şi aeriene, arheologie experimentală şi analize fizico-chimice pentru diverse categorii de artefacte, datări radiocarbon etc.). Toate acestea au adus date importante pentru obținerea unei imagini de ansamblu asupra paleomediului din această microzonă, precum şi asupra organizării interne a aşezării. Résumé: L'habitat Précucuteni de Isaiia-Balta Popii (com. de Răducăneni, dép. de Iaşi; Roumanie)-recherches archéologiques et interdisciplinaires Les 15 campagnes de fouilles dans le site de Isaiia-Balta Popii, effectuées entre 1996 et 2018, ont eu comme résultat le dévoilement presque intégral d'un riche habitat de l'Enéolithique ancien (la culture Précucuteni) et l'obtention de quelques données importantes pour la connaissance de l'évolution et de la vie matérielle et spirituelle de cette civilisation dans l'espace entre les rivières Prout et Siret. L'endroit, situé tout près de la confluence du Prout avec la Jijia, a attiré également, par les conditions favorables de l'environnement, des communautés d'autres périodes historiques: Néolithique évolué (la culture de la céramique rubanée), Bronze ancien et moyen, Hallstatt ancien (la culture Corlăteni), une nécropole des Sarmates, Haut Moye...
The paper presents, in detail, the investigations on the chipped stone assemblage discovered, during archaeological excavations, in the early Chalcolithic settlement at Isaiia - Balta Popii. The technological and typological analysis of the entire collection was accomplished taking into account the various raw materials that are its constituents. In the case of the raw material with the greatest frequency – the flint from the Moldavian Platform –, artefacts coming from all phases of the debitage are certified. The results obtained for Isaiia were then compared with those from other Precucuteni II - Tripolje A sites, highlighting the existence of technological and typological elements common for the lithic industries of the early Chalcolithic in Eastern Europe (North-East of Romania, Republic of Moldova and Ukraine).
The methods of analysing lithic artefacts from archaeological contexts have had an outstanding development in the last decades. Along with methodological achievements, new conceptual frameworks help to interpret the prehistoric record, all getting us closer to understanding the realities of the human past. Thus, the appearance of several journals focused on disseminating the investigation of stone tools was needed and became a reality for some decades. Three years ago, the Journal of Lithic Studies came to join those publications focused on lithics research. It was established from the beginning as an open access journal, with a clear interest in making information available worldwide.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.