The mitochondrial network in muscle is controlled by the opposing processes of mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy. The coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) regulates biogenesis, while the transcription of mitophagy-related genes is controlled by transcription factor EB (TFEB). PGC-1α activation is induced by exercise; however, the effect of exercise on TFEB is not fully known. We investigated the interplay between PGC-1α and TFEB on mitochondria in response to acute contractile activity in CC myotubes and following exercise in wild-type and PGC-1α knockout mice. TFEB nuclear localization was increased by 1.6-fold following 2 h of acute myotube contractile activity in culture, while TFEB transcription was also simultaneously increased by twofold to threefold. Viral overexpression of TFEB in myotubes increased PGC-1α and cytochrome- c oxidase-IV gene expression. In wild-type mice, TFEB translocation to the nucleus increased 2.4-fold in response to acute exercise, while TFEB transcription, assessed through the electroporation of a TFEB promoter construct, was elevated by fourfold. These exercise effects were dependent on the presence of PGC-1α. Our data indicate that acute exercise provokes TFEB expression and activation in a PGC-1α-dependent manner and suggest that TFEB, along with PGC-1α, is an important regulator of mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle as a result of exercise.

Skeletal muscle reaction to exercise is an essential are of research due to its ongoing prevalence in disease research and general health. It is well documented that under exercise conditions, biogenesis and autophagy increase. One main component of this pathway are lysosomes, the essential cellular clearance machine. Statistical analyses used to analyze these data have been sustained over the years. The objective of this systematic review is to compare and contrast the different methods used for analyzing data in molecular exercise physiology.Upon investigating the research papers the majority of the papers used either a t-test or an ANOVA as their primary statistical analyses, used 41% and 64% of the time, respectively. All other statistical tests were used a maximum of 9% of the time. Another trend that was evident was the increased utilization of post hoc tests in the more recent papers compared to earlier papers. This could provide interesting evidence into the credibility of the results reported and provide more insight into the research in molecular exercise physiology. Background and Introduction:Skeletal muscles have an amazing ability to adapt to energy demands. Biogenesis and autophagic processes are in place to allow the muscles to maintain a healthy homeostasis while adapting to these changing requirements. During contractile activity there is an increased PeerJ PrePrints | http://dx.doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.556v1 | CC-BY 4.0 Open Access | rec

Skeletal muscle reaction to exercise is an essential are of research due to its ongoing prevalence in disease research and general health. It is well documented that under exercise conditions, biogenesis and autophagy increase. One main component of this pathway are lysosomes, the essential cellular clearance machine. Statistical analyses used to analyze these data have been sustained over the years. The objective of this systematic review is to compare and contrast the different methods used for analyzing data in molecular exercise physiology. Upon investigating the research papers the majority of the papers used either a t-test or an ANOVA as their primary statistical analyses, used 41% and 64% of the time, respectively. All other statistical tests were used a maximum of 9% of the time. Another trend that was evident was the increased utilization of post hoc tests in the more recent papers compared to earlier papers. This could provide interesting evidence into the credibility of the results reported and provide more insight into the research in molecular exercise physiology.