Increases in patient satisfaction and decreases in patient safety events were found.

Measurement instruments are needed to stimulate research on the long-term outcomes of childhood adversity. Therefore, the purpose of this review was to locate, describe, and assess instruments to measure retrospective perceptions of childhood adversity. An electronic search of instruments was conducted using a combination of keywords that included child maltreatment, child trauma, and childhood stressful events. Nine instruments were located and described according to format, definition of childhood adversity as measured by the instrument, characteristics of the sample used in development and testing, reliability and validity evidence, and feasibility for use. Six out of the nine instruments were suitable for investigators who require a comprehensive measure of childhood adversity. Corroboration with independent sources and use of randomized samples are needed to improve upon reports of validity.

Palliative care education at the undergraduate and graduate level is necessary to improve the competency and confidence of nurses and ultimately improve the care of patients with a chronic illness. Unfortunately, the curriculum in nursing education programs lacks palliative care content, resulting in a lack of preparation and confidence among nursing students. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of educating nursing students utilizing an interactive, multimodality palliative care class that focuses on palliative and end-of-life care. The Palliative Care Quiz for Nurses and Frommelt Attitude Toward Care of the Dying survey were used to assess nursing students before and after a newly developed palliative care class. A Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test was used to determine a difference in pre and post scores. Results revealed a significant improvement in knowledge, attitude, and comfort with palliative and end-of-life care.

Improved detection of SIRS and successful implementation of EGDT led to a bridging of the evidence-to-practice gap. Future recommendations on earlier detection of lactic acidosis were rendered as a consequence of this study. The NP-RRT will continue to use the database query to identify SIRS patients in a timely manner and expedite EGDT.