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The need to ensure adequate numbers of motivated health professionals is at the forefront of the modernisation of the UK NHS. The aim of this paper is to assess current understanding of the labour supply behaviour of nurses, and to propose an agenda for further research. In particular, the paper reviews American and British economics literature that focuses on empirical econometric studies based on the classical static labour supply model. American research could be classified into first generation, second generation and recent empirical evidence. Advances in methods mirror those in the general labour economics literature, and include the use of limited dependent variable models and the treatment of sample selection issues. However, there is considerable variation in results, which depends on the methods used, particularly on the effect of wages. Only one study was found that used UK data, although other studies examined the determinants of turnover, quit rates and job satisfaction. The agenda for further empirical research includes the analysis of discontinuities in the labour supply function, the relative importance of pecuniary and non-pecuniary job characteristics, and the application of dynamic and family labour supply models to nursing research. Such research is crucial to the development of evidence-based policies.

Discrete choice experiments have the advantage that they can study preferences in health care where revealed preference data is not readily available. However, as a substitute for actual observed market led data, the experimental set-up for hypothetical situations must mimic the circumstances under which actual choices are made. One situation that a consumer/patient might face is an opt-out option. They might not choose to accept any of the positive actions available and as such will be a non-demander of the health care on offer. This paper explores issues raised in the modelling of such data within an experiment looking at women's preferences for cervical screening services.

Trainees place most value on good working conditions, good opportunities for their partners and desirable geographical location when making career-related decisions. This intelligence can be used to develop alternative models of workforce planning or to develop information about job opportunities that address trainees' values.

Objectives To develop and evaluate, in a primary care setting, a computerised system for generating tailored letters about smoking cessation. Design Randomised controlled trial. Setting Six general practices in Aberdeen, Scotland. Participants 2553 smokers aged 17 to 65. Interventions All participants received a questionnaire asking about their smoking. Participants subsequently received either a computer tailored or a non-tailored, standard letter on smoking cessation, or no letter. Main outcome measures Prevalence of validated abstinence at six months; change in intention to stop smoking in the next six months. Results The validated cessation rate at six months was 3.5% (30/857) (95% confidence interval 2.3% to 4.7%) for the tailored letter group, 4.4% (37/846) (3.0% to 5.8%) for the non-tailored letter group, and 2.6% (22/850) (1.5% to 3.7%) for the control (no letter) group. After adjustment for significant covariates, the cessation rate was 66% greater ( − 4% to 186%; P = 0.07) in the non-tailored letter group than that in the no letter group. Among participants who smoked < 20 cigarettes per day, the cessation rate in the non-tailored letter group was 87% greater (0% to 246%; P = 0.05) than that in the no letter group. Among heavy smokers who did not quit, a 76% higher rate of positive shift in "stage of change" (intention to quit within a particular period of time) was seen compared with those who received no letter (11% to 180%; P = 0.02). The increase in cost for each additional quitter in the non-tailored letter group compared with the no letter group was £89. Conclusions In a large general practice, a brief non-tailored letter effectively increased cessation rates among smokers. A tailored letter was not effective in increasing cessation rates but promoted shift in movement towards cessation ("stage of change") in heavy smokers. As a pragmatic tool to encourage cessation of smoking, a mass mailing of non-tailored letters from general practices is more cost effective than computer tailored letters or no letters.