This article describes the nursing interventions that focus on urinary function and medication knowledge of older adults in a geriatric rehabilitation program. The authors review the interventions needed to achieve bladder retraining and self-administration of medication and consider what predicts urinary function and knowledge of medication administration in older adults. The descriptive study included 251 consecutive patients who were admitted into a geriatric rehabilitation unit. An evaluation of urinary function was done on admission and based on patient need to (a) maintain urinary function, (b) decrease urinary incontinence, and (c) resolve urinary retention. All patients received routine medication teaching from admission to discharge during each daytime administration of medication. From admission to discharge, there was a decrease in incidences of urinary incontinence and urinary retention and an increase in knowledge of medication regimens. Although the study was descriptive, the findings suggested that nursing interventions in geriatric rehabilitation may decrease urinary incontinence and retention and improve knowledge of medication regimens in this population.

Investigations at Xunantunich indicate that this major Belize River Valley site rose rapidly to regional prominence during the Late Classic Hats' Chaak phase (a.d. 670–780). While the social, political, and economic reasons for Xunantunich's relatively late and rapid rise are still not fully understood, it has been suggested that this ascent was a direct result of either a patron-client relationship with, or owing to direct control by, the larger primary center of Naranjo in neighboring Guatemala. In this paper, we evaluate previous arguments for this proposed dynamic relationship between the two sites, and we discuss the political implications of more recently acquired data in our assessment of this relationship.