This in-depth phenomenological study focused on the detailed experiences of three students from whom we learned that social justice-oriented approaches to service-learning, coupled with critical reflection, provide potentially viable pedagogical approaches for learning the health advocate role. How this experience will affect the students' future medical practice is yet unknown.
Objectives: To establish prevalence rates of antipsychotic (AP) prescriptions for children 18 years of age or younger in British Columbia (BC) from 1996 to 2011 by age, sex, AP type, and primary diagnosis; and to identify the predominant AP prescribers for children by specialty training.Methods: BC Ministry of Health administrative data were used to describe AP prescriptions for youth aged 18 years or younger. Comparisons were made using population prevalence based on sex; age group; AP; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, diagnosis; and prescriber specialty.
Teenagers who smoke are frequently warned that cigarette smoking will have detrimental effects on the function of their cardiopulmonary system and on their ability to perform exercise. However, there is little published evidence to support this statement. Therefore, in the present study, peak expiratory flow was measured as an indicator of lung function, expired carbon monoxide level was measured as an indicator of current smoking and the associated reduction in the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood, and blood pressure and heart rate were measured as indicators of cardiovascular hemodynamics before and after a one-mile run in 27 teenagers. The results show that, even at a young age, cigarette smoking is associated with significant detrimental effects on cardiopulmonary function and exercise tolerance. Objective evidence of an effect of smoking on cardiopulmonary function and exercise tolerance in this age group may assist educators and health care professionals in convincing teenagers to quit smoking.
Exercised-induced asthma is not due to exercise itself per se, but rather is due to cooling and/or drying of the airway because of the increased ventilation that accompanies exercise. Travel to high altitudes is accompanied by increased ventilation of cool, often dry, air, irrespective of the level of exertion, and by itself, this could represent an 'exercise' challenge for asthmatic subjects. Exercise-induced bronchoconstriction was measured at sea level and at various altitudes during a two-week trek through the Himalayas in a group of nonasthmatic and asthmatic subjects. The results of this study showed that in mild asthmatics, there was a significant reduction in peak expiratory flow at very high altitudes. Contrary to the authors' hypothesis, there was not a significant additional decrease in peak expiratory flow after exercise in the asthmatic subjects at high altitude. However, there was a significant fall in arterial oxygen saturation postexercise in the asthmatic subjects, a change that was not seen in the nonasthmatic subjects. These data suggest that asthmatic subjects develop bronchoconstriction when they go to very high altitudes, possibly via the same mechanism that causes exercise-induced asthma.
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