Water is a precious natural resource that is essential for many uses, but its quality is faced with several problems, including pollution linked to human activities, hence the need to contribute to improving the quality of drinking water. Given the importance of the resource, the health of the population in terms of hygiene needs and the quality of the water consumed is paramount. It is within this framework that this work falls within the scope of this project, the objective of which is to analyze the health impacts to which the populations are exposed due to the use of water in the Lobo watershed in Nibéhibé. To achieve this objective, the working method was based on literature review and field surveys. The documentary research consisted in circumscribing the contours of the subject in order to better understand it. As for the field surveys, they were dominated by interviews and a questionnaire addressed to households and health structures. Using the simple random selection method without discount and the use of a statistical equation, we found a sample of 384 households to be surveyed, distributed in three departments (Daloa, Vavoua and Zoukougbeu). Population surveys, combined with spatially referenced data under GIS, made it possible to assess not only the spatial distribution of the importance of water-related diseases, but also the areas at health risk. The results highlighted health risk indicators that expose households to water-related diseases linked to the mode of water supply. Also, the contraction of these diseases by households is due to the uncontrolled use of multiple uses and the risky behavior of the population with regard to hygiene and sanitation practices. In addition, we note that those in rural areas are the most affected because of the insufficient level of access to drinking water and adequate sanitation. Thus, these diseases cause great loss of human life and contribute to the disorganization of the social structure.

Due to climate change, which has caused the scarcity of rainfall and the depletion of water resources in recent decades, Côte d'Ivoire has embarked on a planning program for the integrated management of its water resources. The present study is carried out on the Lobo watershed in Nibéhibé, located in the western part of Côte d'Ivoire (between 6°17' and 6°44' W longitude and between 6°46' and 7°41' N latitude). Indeed, the multisectoral use, the impact of climate, the demographic growth on water resources as well as the uncoordinated management lead to a crucial water shortage in the basin. The objective of this study is to propose optimization scenarios for the use of water resources for planning and sustainable management. To this end, field surveys were carried out among the state structures and the populations of the basin to acquire the socio-economic data necessary for the simulation of future water demand. The product of the specific consumptions by the levels of activities allowed to estimate the needs by sectors of activities (water supply, agriculture, and breeding) and consequently the global needs of the basin in 2021. The Water Evaluation And Planning (WEAP) model, which is a water resources management tool, was used to simulate the future water demand of the basin under different scenarios. The results show that the water demand for 2021 is 30 180 588 m3. The water demands by 2050 under the reference, low population growth rate, high population growth rate, improved standard of living and climate change scenarios are 83,700,000 m3; 57,700,000 m3; 114,100,000 m3; 107,600,000 m3 and 114,100,000 m3 respectively. As a result, the unsatisfied water demands for the same scenarios are 23,700,000 m3; 10,700,000 m3; 38,600,000 m3; 34,300,000 m3 and 38,600,000 m3 respectively. The reduction of these unsatisfied demands for the well-being of the basin populations requires the implementation of planning and integrated management systems of the basin water resources through optimization scenarios.

Water is an indispensable resource for all activities developed by man. Water resources are indispensable for the survival of the populations of the Lobo watershed in Nibéhibé. They offer many multidimensional services. Around these important resources, social actors have different ways of perceiving them. This is why their management comes up against a difference in logic and action on the part of the different stakeholders. Thus, it must be noted that there is a crystallization of social relations between the different groups of actors involved and this is based on conflicts of use and the intensity of water scarcity. The objective of this study is to show the relationship between management mode and conflicts of use of water resources in the Lobo watershed in Nibéhibé. To achieve this objective, the methodology was based on the triptych documentary research, interview and questionnaire survey. The documentary research consisted in defining the contours of the subject in order to better understand it. Then, the interviews carried out with the actors of the water sector in the Lobo basin made it possible to collect information on the perception and the mode of management of the water resources in the basin. Finally, using the simple random selection method without discount and the use of a statistical equation, a sample of 384 households spread over the entire catchment area served as the basis for our surveys. Population surveys, combined with spatially referenced data under a GIS, have made it possible to map the spatial distribution of water supply sites on the one hand, and the spatial distribution of water-related conflict types on the other. The results show that the population has a wide variety of water supply sources. Moreover, the current management mode is either liberal (or private) or participatory (or community-based) depending on the type of water resource (surface or groundwater) and on the perception of the actors with regard to water.  Thus, the different uses generate conflicts that are perceived between cultural actors (indigenous) and economic actors such as SODECI (Water Distribution Company in Côte d'Ivoire) and fishermen (non-indigenous). There are also conflicts between women, which can be summarized as disputes over water points and distrust between different communities. An integrated management of water resources in this watershed would therefore be beneficial to all stakeholders.