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The study included Mexican participants with at least two generations of relatives born in Mexico. The control and study groups were selected from the Clinic of Nutrition of Health Department of the Universidad Iberoamericana from Mexico City. The control group included 45 participants with a body mass index (IMC) of: 18.5–24.9. The overweight group included 32 participants with IMC of: 25.0–29.9, and the obesity group included 48 participants with IMC >;30. DNA was isolated by DNAzol reagent. The identification of SNP Pro198Leu was done by Polymerase Chain Reaction technique using specific primers, follows of Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism technique using the ApaI restriction enzyme. The frequency of polymorphism was analyzed by Xi squared and a p<0.05 was accepted as a statistical difference. The frequencies of SNP Pro198Leu (heterozygote: Pro/Leu plus homozygote: Leu/Leu) were 0.40, 0.68 and 0.60 in control, overweight and obesity groups, respectively. There was a statistical difference between overweight and control group (Xi2= 5.09; p=0.024; O/R= 3.3; I.C. 95% 1.26 – 8.58). There was not statistical difference between the obesity and control group or when the obesity group was stratified by degrees of disease. The polymorphisms Pro198Leu could be one of several genetic factors involved in the susceptibility to development overweight in the Mexican population. The Universidad Iberoamericana provided funding for the study.

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