This research was conducted by observing the level of education graduate workforce, government spending and education sector gross regional domestic product per capita on the basis of constant prices of 2000. In particular the period of 2008-2012 by ex post facto method. The form of panel research data i.e. the combination of the form of time series and cross section. Data on GDP per capita over the constant prices of 2000 and the education level of the labour ditamatkan taken from the Central Bureau of statistics (BPS). Data on government spending on the education sector budget data taken from the income and expenditure of the State (APBN) Indonesia to education sector of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Indonesia. Processing data using Eviews 7.0 program and Microsoft Excell. Based on the results of the regression, the influential education variable is positive and significant at levels significantly below 0.05 and variable expenses of government education sector a positive and significant effect on under 0.05 i.e. against economic growth. The value Fhitung (7.360407) Ftabel > (3.90) so summed up these two variables, namely educational level of manpower and Government spending education sector together effect on Indonesia's economic growth. The value of R2 0.568211 signaling that 56,82% economic growth in Indonesia could be explained both the variable indipenden.   Keywords: economic growth, education, employment and Government spending on Education Sector.

SUPARNO DICKY IRANTO Dosen Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Jakarta ABSTRACT Education as human's process to gain knowledge is very important to create thinking skill for the human being. Related to that thing, implemented the learning with Problem Based Learning method which is the learning that is oriented to enhance the students' critical thinking skill. In the constructivism learning theory, the students should be able to construct the knowledge through problem solving so they got the truth which is useful for the existence.This research is using the quasi experiment method with non-equivalent group design. The conclusion of this research shows that there is enhancement to the students' critical thinking skill significantly and suggested to use this method on another topic, schools gives the hypermedia facilities, and researching another learning competences.

This research is aimed to analyze the effects of International Trade to Business Cycle in ASEAN-5. The data used in this research are the panel data in period of 1999 – 2014 and in five country in ASEAN (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand). The The technique of data analysis in this research is Bayesian Vector Autoregressive (BVAR). Based on BVAR, the output has indicated the Openness to Trade and dummy Crisis are positively and significantly affected business cycles in ASEAN-5, and Intra Industry Trade is not affected to business cycles in ASEAN-5.

This research was conducted to determine the short-term and long-term effects between Gross Domestic Product, Interest Rates, and Inflation on Foreign Direct Investment in the manufacturing sector for the period 2004-2017. Study applied VECM (Vector Error Correction Model), secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia, BPS, and Bappenas. Based on the statistical results it can be concluded that: first, GDP has a positive and not significant effect in the short term, then in the long run, it has a negative effect toward FDI. Second, in the short term interest rates have a negative and not significant while in the long term interest rates have a negative and significant effect on FDI in the manufacturing sector. Lastly, inflation has a negative and insignificant effect, while, in the long-run inflation has a positive and significant effect on FDI in the manufacturing sector.

This study aims to determine the effect of exchange rate volatility on economic growth in the ASEAN member countries (Indonesia, Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia) through investment. Based on the previous studies, the researcher focuses on developing the initial research analysis because it can control different company levels' characteristics and then determine the impact of exchange rate changes on economic growth mediated by investment. There is a limited analysis of whether exchange rate movements encourage overall investment in this study's particular direction. The author's primary focus is whether the export or import channels or both play an essential role in determining a company's investment. This study's population is in ASEAN member countries that have been published by the World Bank (https://www.worldbank.org/) and continue to exist during the period 1998-2019. The sample selection in this study used a purposive sampling method. Some of the ratio data were available in the financial report summary. The analysis method used in the study is the path analysis.