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Aim To determine the effects of two different methods, breastfeeding and heel warming, during heel stick procedures on pain levels in healthy term neonates. Methods This study was a prospective, randomized controlled trial. The sample of the study consisted of 150 healthy newborns who matched the case selection criteria and were brought to the nursery for the heel stick procedure. Fifty neonates were randomly assigned to each group: breastfeeding (n = 50), heel warming (n = 50), and control (n = 50), using computer‐based randomization. The study data were obtained using an Information Form and the Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS). Results The pre‐procedural pain scores of the breastfeeding group (mean 4.44 SD 1.21 seconds) were lower than in the heel warming (mean 6.10 SD 1.07 seconds) and the control group (mean 6.42 SD 0.91 seconds) (P < 0.01). Both the total crying time and the first calming time of the breastfeeding group were shorter than the heel warming and control group. The first calming time of the heel warming group was shorter than in the control group. Conclusions Both breastfeeding and heel warming are effective in reducing the calming time during heel stick procedures. However, breastfeeding is more effective than heel warming in reducing pain during heel stick and should be preferred as the first choice.

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to assess using of balconies in apartment buildings. In the research, by questioning the use of balconies as to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) process and before, the place and importance of the balcony in the apartment house were questioned.Design/methodology/approachBalcony performance dimensions and components, which were revealed based on the studies conducted, were analyzed with questions directed to the individuals living in the apartment (one person every flat). In the research in which behavioral and functional performance is questioned through users, the survey method was used and the data were analyzed in the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) program. Apart from the performance dimensions, data on the characteristics of the balconies were also obtained from the answers of the users.FindingsThe use of balconies has increased during the pandemic process and has become more important in apartments. The size of the balcony is related to the size of the house. The functional performance of the balcony is linked to the size of the balcony, behavioral and environmental values. The balcony should be large enough to accommodate equipment for daily activities, the proximity to the surrounding buildings, view, noise affect the performance of the balcony.Research limitations/implicationsThe research is limited to the questionnaire applied to apartment users in Konya (Turkey) city center. Male and female users participated in the study, and the use of the balcony was questioned.Practical implicationsApartment design includes results that contribute to architects regarding the location and use of the balcony. It also includes the results that can be evaluated by local governments in terms of binding rules on balconies in zoning regulations.Social implicationsThe balcony is one of the rooms of the house, which is mainly designed in connection with the kitchen and living room / living room and shared by the household. The balcony is used as a socializing place for the common actions of the house users. This space that opens to the outside is valuable in terms of providing communication with people outside.Originality/valueThe fact that no study has been conducted to question the use of the balcony over the user makes this study valuable. In addition, questioning the use of the balcony during the pandemic process is important in terms of revealing the importance of the need for open space in an apartment. The results will contribute to architects and local administrations in terms of binding rules in design regarding the location of the balcony in the house.

Bu çalışma (1), yapılış amacı dışında günümüz işleviyle yaşamını sürdüren bir kültür varlığının mekânsal performansının ne olduğunu belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Problem, yeni işlevin mekânsal ve eylemsel gerekliliklerinin saptanması ve varolan mekânların gereksinimlere cevap verme düzeyinin araştırılması olarak ele alınmıştır. Kültür varlığının mekânsal niteliklerinin, verilen işlevin gereksinimleriyle adapte olma düzeyi, binanın günümüz kullanıcılarına uygulanan anketlerle, yapılan gözlem ve görüşmelerle ortaya konulmuştur. Bina performansının yeniden kullanıma adapte edilmiş bir binada, korumanın sürdürülebilir olması amacıyla ele alınması, çalışmayı özelleştiren bir performans yaklaşımı olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırmada kültür varlığı niteliği taşıyan ve bugün mimarlar odası -mimar evi olarak kullanılan binanın mekânsal performans (teknik ve işlevsel) değeri ve işlevin gereksinimleriyle mekânların adapte edilebilme düzeyi belirlenerek, verilen işlevin avantaj ve dezavantajları ortaya konulmuştur. Yeniden kullanılan binaların yeni kullanıcılarının/işlevin gereksinimlerine cevap verebilir nitelikte düzenlenmiş olması ve mekân performanslarının kullanıcılar tarafından memnun edici olması işlevin sürekliliği açısından önemli olmaktadır. Yeniden kullanılan binaların mekânsal performanslarının değerlendirilmesi, verilen işlevin sürdürülebilir kılınması için gerekli tedbirlerin alınması anlamında yarar sağlarken, değerlendirme ile yeniden kullanım potansiyeli olan binalarda adaptasyon sürecinde analiz edilmesi gereken bileşenler ve süreç (i) binanın konumu ve işlev uyumu (ii) varolan mekânların organizasyonu ve niteliği, (iii) verilecek işlevin mekânsal gereksinimleri ve (iv) adapte edilebilirlik düzeyinin değerlendirilmesi, olarak belirlenmiştir. GİRİŞ

Research was planned as an experimental study in order to determine the effect of Turkish music performance applied during care in the neonatal intensive care unit on stress indicators, oxygen saturation, peak heart rate, respiration value and length of hospital stay. It was an experimental study (experimental n: 30; control n: 30). Preterm infants were made to listen Turkish music for 30 minutes every day. Stress indicators, oxygen saturation, peak heart rate and respiration values observed prior to the care and during 30-minute Turkish music session were registered in the Patient Follow-up Form. No significant decrease was observed in the lengths of hospital stay, oxygen saturation levels and stress levels of babies in the experiment and control groups. It was also seen that peak heart rates and respiration values did not vary. As a conclusion, it was determined that Turkish music which preterm babies staying in the neonatal intensive care unit were made to listen did not affect peak heart rates and respiration values statistically significantly and they were normal. It was also seen that stress indicators were not affected.