A model describing the process of waiting's duration judgment is described and tested. The suggested model is based on attentional models of prospective duration judgment. It is assumed that in a waiting situation, an automatic process of prospective waiting judgment is activated, because while waiting both temporal relevance and temporal uncertainty are high. The degree to which attentional resources are allocated for prospective timing is determined by several factors like waiting expectations, social justice and the waiter's degree of impatience. 491 participants judged waiting's duration and degree of a waiter's impatience after reading a scenario in which a waiting situation was described. Sixteen scenarios in which waiting situational parameters were manipulated according to the suggested model, were presented. The results supported the hypothesized model of waiting's duration judgment.

Feelings of retrospective confidence concerning the accuracy of a chosen answer might rely, among other things, on the amount of available information, regardless of its correctness. 43 participants, 26 women and 17 men (M age = 23.4 yr., SD = 3.5) in an intact group design, answered nine easy and nine difficult binary forced-choice questions and rated their confidence regarding the correctness of their choices. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups, differing in the additional information provided regarding the questions: a control group provided with no additional information, a correct information group, and a misleading information group. Performance was worst in the misleading information group, yet no difference in confidence was found between the correct and misleading information groups. The findings were interpreted as supporting the hypothesis that feelings of confidence partly reflect peripheral factors, indirectly related to choice processes.

This chapter discusses the dimension of time in relation to various aspects of life. After presenting several types of time -physical, biological and psychological time -the relationship between time and personality and time and behavior are discussed. Two cultural categories are defined -the Western technological culture and the "non-Western" cultures, differing in their attitude toward time: Western technological culture, having a linear and quantitative perception of time, as opposed to "non-Western" cultures, having a cyclical and qualitative perception of time. The concept "time perspective" -the subjective organization and perception of the past, the present and the future -is introduced, and differences in time perspective between individuals and between cultures are discussed. It is argued that time is strongly related to the emergence of conflicts. Several timerelated heuristics and aspects linking dimensions of time to the emergence of conflicts are presented. As conflict resolution processes take time, negotiators' relation to time influences those processes. Time is often tactically used as a source of power by the party lacking a sense of urgency, and is frequently used in setting deadlines. And time is essential in building trust between negotiating parties. As the temporal perspective is a major factor in conflict resolution, holding future time perspectives by both parties might be optimal.