The study assessed the levels of usage of conservation agriculture technology in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo and Angonia, Mozambique. A structured questionnaire was randomly administered to 192 farmers in each study site to collect data through a multistage sampling process. The study employed descriptive statistics and multinomial logistic regression to examine possible relationships among the study parameters. The results showed that land size used for conservation agriculture was a significant predictor in both study sites. Farmers’ intention to adopt depended on the services of vulgarisation of conservation agriculture technology. The results further showed that Kisangani farmers do not use the three-conservation agriculture technology at the same time, but they use crop rotation (54%). However, farmers use the three technologies (30%) simultaneously and soil cover (38%) in Angonia. The results suggest that efforts to promote adoption in Kisangani should be based on equal provision of extension services in all locations, and that the current farmer field schools (FFS) approach should be redesigned for contextualisation. For both study sites, the results imply that the use of FFS should be adapted to the use of farmer-to-farmer extension services, which can improve the upscaling of conservation agriculture to increase food security in a sustainable manner.

Purpose: One of the reasons for promoting conservation agriculture (CA) in Sub-Saharan Africa is its association with an increase in crop yield for smallholder farmers. However, the yield increase and stability attributed to CA remain without consistent and harmonised debate. The study assessed the impact of CA on crop yield, as well as the factors driving adoption, and the challenges that farmers face when using CA in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo. Theoretical framework: The study employed the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology as its theoretical framework. Method: A structured questionnaire was randomly administered to 192 CA farmers to collect data through a multistage sampling process. Descriptive and multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine associations and possible predictors influencing farmers’ adoption and crop yield. Results and conclusions: The results show that CA has a positive impact on crop yields, particularly for cassava and rice. In addition, farmers are impelled to use CA because of increased yield and soil fertility, both of which are achieved overtime. The study suggests using organic fertilisers locally produced to enhance the immediate outcome expected by farmers. The lack of extension service coverage is a major constraint, which translates into a lack of knowledge about CA in the farmers’ practices, specifically inappropriate crop rotation and agronomic practices, which result in low maize yield. The study recommends the agricultural sector improve CA awareness and training sessions with farmers.  Research implications: The results imply that CA should be promoted by minimising limitations and maximising motivating factors in order to produce more food in a sustainable manner. Originality/value: The study’s originality lies in investigating the feasibility and relevance of CA from the beneficiaries' perspectives, as well as testing the theory of the effect of conservation agriculture within the setup of Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo.