In patients with refractory traumatic intracranial hypertension, decompressive craniectomy resulted in lower mortality but higher proportions of vegetative state and severe neurological impairment compared to ongoing medical management. Level of evidence: 1B (CEBM, Individual RCT of good quality)

Background and Purpose-Delayed cerebral ischemia (DCI) is a recognized contributor to unfavorable outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Recent data challenge the concept of vasospasm as the sole cause of ischemia and suggest a multifactorial process with dysfunctional cerebral autoregulation as a component. We tested the hypothesis that early autoregulatory failure, detected using near-infrared spectroscopy-based index, TOxa and transcranial Dopplerbased index, Sxa, can predict DCI. Methods-In this prospective observational study we enrolled consecutive patients with aneurysmal SAH that occurred <5 days from admission.

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