Another concern that should be addressed is the ethical and practical repercussions of promoting access to enhancement. The NeuroRights Initiative proposes to establish guidelines regulating the development and applications of enhancement neurotechnologies based on the principle of justice and guarantee equality of access to all citizens (Yuste et al., 2017;NeuroRights Initiative, 2021).

Advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence have led to an innovative proposal to establish ethical and legal limits to the development of technologies: Human NeuroRights. In this sense, the article addresses, first, some advances in neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, as well as their ethical implications. Second, the state of the art on the innovative proposal of Human NeuroRights is exposed, specifically, the proposal of the NeuroRights Initiative of Columbia University. Third, the proposal for the rights of free will and equitable access to augmentation technologies is critically analyzed to conclude that, although it is necessary to propose new regulations for neurotechnologies and artificial intelligence, the debate is still very premature as if to try to incorporate a new category of human rights that may be inconvenient or unnecessary. Finally, some considerations on how to regulate new technologies are explained and the conclusions of the work are presented.

El incompatibilismo humanista sostiene que el libre albedrío es un concepto incompatible con las verdades deterministas e indeterministas de la ciencia, pero plantea la dignidad humana como límite a cualquier desarrollo de la ciencia y la justicia. El presente artículo realiza un recorrido histórico y conceptual alrededor del determinismo, indeterminismo, compatibilismo e incompatibilismo. Posteriormente, introduce al problema que la neurociencia provoca para la teoría del delito y la culpabilidad penal. Más adelante, presenta algunas críticas al compatibilismo humanista y postula al incompatibilismo humanista como una contrapropuesta abolicionista del derecho penal. El artículo finaliza con la formulación de cinco postulados básicos de una nueva corriente abolicionista: el neuroabolicionismo penal, y se exponen las conclusiones.

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