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A methodology for the selection and determination of electroencephalographic (EEG) signal patterns is presented at the case study level, which can later be used as on-off control signals in other applications. Electroencephalographic signals are acquired through the use of a brain-computer interface (BCI). These systems capture electrical signals from the cortex of the brain and transfer them to a computer so that they can be analyzed by algorithms and some action is taken. In this case, the EEG signals are acquired through the wireless 14-channel Epoc+ platform. The methodology used consists first in acquiring signals from the user sample in three scenarios: in relaxation, thinking about turning on and off. Subsequently, the wavelet transform of each of the channels is obtained for each of the cases and the most significant coefficients are taken into account. Then, through digital signal processing algorithms, descriptive parameters are obtained for the on and off cases, which are used as patterns to describe each of the actions. With this information, a comparison between the incoming signals and the previously stored patterns is made to execute one of the established commands.

Due to the contingency situation that has been generated in various parts of the world and the declaration of a pandemic carried out by the World Health Organization against the Sars-CoV-2 virus, various people, educational institutions and companies are carrying out the development of mechanical ventilators that can meet the need for this equipment in their countries. This paper shows experiences obtained in the design and construction of a transitional mechanical ventilator that allows compliance with the minimum requirements that doctors and healthcare professionals consider when a person is piped. Also, it helps in the seek to comply the regulations that the federal government agency elaborates with the purpose of reviewing the existing proposals for open source mechanical ventilators. It also contains the technical requirements that are need to be covered by the designers. These regulations cover the feasibility for replicating the ventilators proposed, based on certain factors that will be described in this paper. Once the ventilators have been tested, its improvement is carried out from the mechanical part, considering the electrical element to be used, in order to obtain a transitional mechanical ventilator that could be easily replicated with national suppliers.

En este artículo se presenta una revisión de los ventiladores mecánicos de código abierto desarrollados en todo el mundo durante el comienzo de la pandemia de COVID 19. Hay muchos proyectos de ventiladores en el mundo, algunos basados en Ambu, turbinas y otros que usan las líneas de aire y oxígeno del hospital, controlando el flujo y la presión. Primero se presentan los conceptos básicos de ventilación mecánica. A continuación, se presenta una descripción general de las principales iniciativas de código abierto del mundo, una descripción breve del ventilador y sus principios de funcionamiento. También se muestran las páginas web de cada uno de los proyectos desarrollados. Este documento pretende dar al lector un punto de partida de los ventiladores mecánicos propuestos. Finalmente, se presenta una compilación desarrollada por la comunidad internacional donde enlistan los principales proyectos de ventiladores desarrollados en todo el mundo, donde obtener su información y la experiencia de los desarrolladores. Es importante notar que la mayoría de ellos aún no han sido aprobados por las autoridades médicas de sus respectivos países.