The NERC and CEH trademarks and logos ('the Trademarks') are registered trademarks of NERC in the UK and other countries, and may not be used without the prior written consent of the Trademark owner.© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This version available http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/512349/ NERC has developed NORA to enable users to access research outputs wholly or partially funded by NERC. Copyright and other rights for material on this site are retained by the rights owners. Users should read the terms and conditions of use of this material at http://nora.nerc.ac.uk/policies.html#access NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Water Research. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. This paper reviews the scientific knowledge on the use of a lanthanum modified bentonite (LMB) to 25 manage eutrophication in surface water. The LMB has been applied in around 200 environments 26 worldwide and it has undergone extensive testing at laboratory, mesocosm, and whole lake scales. 27The available data underline a high efficiency for phosphorus binding. This efficiency can be 28 limited by the presence of humic substances and competing oxyanions. Lanthanum concentrations 29 detected during a LMB application are generally below acute toxicological threshold of different 30 organisms, except in low alkalinity waters. To date there are no indications for long-term negative 31 effects on LMB treated ecosystems, but issues related to La accumulation, increase of suspended 32 solids and drastic resources depletion still need to be explored, in particular for sediment dwelling 33 organisms. Application of LMB in saline waters need a careful risk evaluation due to potential 34 lanthanum release. 35 36

Highlights  The General Lake Model (GLM) is stress tested against 32 globally distributed lakes.  There was low correlation between input data uncertainty and model performance.  Model performance related to lake-morphometry, light extinction and flow regime; deep, clear lakes with high residence times had the lowest model error.

The limnological evolution of Lake Pusiano followed, starting 1970s, an

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