Aedes aegypti is the vector responsible for transmitting pathogens that cause various infectious diseases, such as dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya, worrying health authorities in the tropics. Due to resistance of mosquitoes to synthetic insecticides, the search for more effective insecticidal agents becomes crucial. The aim of this study was to verify the larvicidal, adulticidal, and anticholinesterase activities of the essential oils of the Illicium verum (EOIV), Pimenta dioica (EOPD), and Myristica fragrans (EOMF) against Ae. aegypti. The essential oils (EOs) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The larvicidal and adulticidal activities of EOs were evaluated against third instar larvae and Ae. aegypti adult females, respectively, using the procedures of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the anticholinesterase activity of the EOs by the modified Ellman method. The following major components were identified: (E)-anethole (90.1%) for EOIV, methyl eugenol (55.0%) for EOPD, and sabinene (52.1%) for EOMF. All EOs exhibited larvicidal and adulticidal activity against Ae. aegypti. The highest larval mortality was observed in EOMF with LC = 28.2 μg mL. Adult mortality was observed after 1 (knockdown) and 24 h exposure, with the highest potential established by the EOIV, KC = 7.3 μg mg female and LC = 10.3 μg mg female. EOIV (IC = 4800 μg mL), EOMF (IC = 4510 μg mL), and EOPD (IC = 1320 μg mL) inhibited AChE. EOMF (4130 μg mL) and EOPD (IC = 3340 μg mL) inhibited BChE whereas EOIV showed no inhibition. The EOs were toxic to larvae and adults of Ae. aegypti, as well as being less toxic to humans than the currently used insecticides, opening the possibility of elaboration of a natural, safe, and ecological bioinsecticide for vector control.
RESUMOEste trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os constituintes dos óleos essenciais de anis-estrelado (Illicum verum), pimenta da Jamaica (Pimenta dioica) e noz moscada (Myristica fragrans), bem como avaliar a toxicidade contra a larva de 3° estádio do Aedes aegypti. A identificação dos constituintes foi realizada por meio da cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. A hidrodestilação promoveu um rendimento (p/p) de 2,9% para I. verum, 1,6% para P. dioica e 6,8% para M. fragrans. Os componentes majoritários foram: methyl-eugenol (55,26%), eugenol (35,72%), beta-farnesene (4,54%) e beta-pinene (2,94%) para P. dioica; anethol (91,21%), limonene (2,09%) e methyl-chavicol (1,69%) para I. verum; phellandrene (51,93%), alpha-pinene (12,65%), terpinen-4-ol (10,98%) e limonene (6,11%) para M. fragrans. Todos os óleos essenciais testados demostraram atividade larvicida, porém verificou-se que M. fragrans é o mais tóxico, com LC 50 = 25 mg/L e LC 90 = 42 mg/L, seguido pelo I. verum, com LC 50 = 41 mg/L e LC 90 = 48 mg/L, e por último, P. dioica, com LC 50 = 105 mg/L e LC 90 = 128 m g/L. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que o uso dos óleos essenciais pode representar uma nova ferramenta no controle da larva do mosquito A. aegypti. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Aedes aegypti. Óle-os essenciais. Atividade larvicida.
RESUMOEste trabalho teve como objetivo identificar os constituintes dos óleos essenciais de anis-estrelado (Illicum verum), pimenta da Jamaica (Pimenta dioica) e noz moscada (Myristica fragrans), bem como avaliar a toxicidade contra a larva de 3° estádio do Aedes aegypti. A identificação dos constituintes foi realizada por meio da cromatografia gasosa acoplada à espectrometria de massas. A hidrodestilação promoveu um rendimento (p/p) de 2,9% para I. verum, 1,6% para P. dioica e 6,8% para M. fragrans. Os componentes majoritários foram: methyl-eugenol (55,26%), eugenol (35,72%), beta-farnesene (4,54%) e beta-pinene (2,94%) para P. dioica; anethol (91,21%), limonene (2,09%) e methyl-chavicol (1,69%) para I. verum; phellandrene (51,93%), alpha-pinene (12,65%), terpinen-4-ol (10,98%) e limonene (6,11%) para M. fragrans. Todos os óleos essenciais testados demostraram atividade larvicida, porém verificou-se que M. fragrans é o mais tóxico, com LC 50 = 25 mg/L e LC 90 = 42 mg/L, seguido pelo I. verum, com LC 50 = 41 mg/L e LC 90 = 48 mg/L, e por último, P. dioica, com LC 50 = 105 mg/L e LC 90 = 128 m g/L. Dessa maneira, sugere-se que o uso dos óleos essenciais pode representar uma nova ferramenta no controle da larva do mosquito A. aegypti. PALAVRAS-CHAVE:Aedes aegypti. Óle-os essenciais. Atividade larvicida.
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