Duplicates are common in germplasm banks and their identification is needed to facilitate germplasm bank management and to reduce maintenance costs. The aim of this work was to identify duplicates of cassava from a germplasm bank in Eastern Amazon, which had been previously characterized both morphological and agronomically. In order to be genotyped with 15 microsatellite loci, 36 accessions were selected. These accessions were classified into 13 groups of similar morpho-agronomical characteristics. All loci were polymorphic, and 75 alleles were identified, with an average of five alleles per loci and H E = 0.66. There were determined 34 pairs of genotypes with identical multiloci profiles and the probability of genetic identity was 1.1x10-12 with probability of exclusion of 99.9999%. Among these duplicates, there are accessions sampled on different years and places, but with different names and accessions with the same name sampled in different places and years. The study identified genotypes that are grown in different places and that have been maintained over the years by local farmers. KEYWORDS: Manihot esculenta; germplasm; molecular markers Identificação de duplicatas em acessos de mandioca coletados na Região Norte do Brasil por meio de marcadores microssatélites RESUMODuplicatas costumam ocorrer em bancos de germoplasma e a sua identificação é necessária para facilitar o manejo dos bancos ativos de germoplasma (BAGs) e diminuir custos de manutenção. O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar duplicatas de mandioca determinadas previamente pela caracterização morfo-agronômica, em um BAG da Amazônia Oriental. Foram selecionados 36 acessos que se agrupavam em 13 grupos de similaridade morfo-agronômica para serem genotipados com 15 locos microssatélites. Todos os locos foram polimórficos, sendo obtidos 75 alelos, com média de cinco alelos por loco e H E = 0,66. Foram encontrados 34 pares de genótipos que apresentaram perfis multilocos idênticos e a probabilidade de identidade genética foi de 1,1x10 -12 com probabilidade de exclusão de 99,9999%. Entre essas duplicatas, estão materiais coletados em épocas e locais diferentes, e com diferentes denominações e acessos com o mesmo nome coletados em diferentes locais e anos. O estudo identificou genótipos que vem sendo cultivados em diferentes locais e que vêm sendo mantidos pelos agricultores ao longo dos anos.

Ellipsomyxa arariensis n. sp. was found in the gallbladder of Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 and Pimelodus ornatus Kner, 1858 from the Arari River on Marajó Island in Pará, Brazil. The new species has disporous plasmodium that varies in size and shape, with ellipsoidal mature spores in the sutural view that have a curved suture line. The spores are 12.6 (12.0-13.4) μm in length and 7.3 (6.7-8.0) μm in width. The two polar capsules present in the spore are pyriform and of equal size, with subterminal openings that project in opposite directions. The polar capsules are 3.5 (3.4-4.0) μm long and 2.6 (2.5-3.2) μm wide. Based on the partial sequences of the SSU rRNA gene of the Ellipsomyxa arariensis n. sp. spores found in Pygocentrus nattereri Kner, 1858 (1325 bps) and Pimelodus ornatus Kner, 1858 (1240 bps), the new species is clearly distinct from all the other myxozoan sequences deposited in GenBank. Based on Bayesian inference and p distances, the new species belongs to the "Ellipsomyxa clade", together with all the other Ellipsomxa species, reinforcing the monophyletic status of this genus. Overall, the morphological data and the partial sequences of the SSU rRNA gene provide a conclusive diagnosis of Ellipsomyxa arariensis n. sp. as a species distinct from all the other Ellipsomyxa species described previously.

Hoferellus azevedoi n. sp. was found in the urinary bladder of Chaetobranchus flavescens Heckel, 1840 from the Arari River on Marajó Island in Pará, Brazil. This is the first record of a species of the genus Hoferellus in a host from the Brazilian Amazon region. The new species has disporous and polysporous plasmodia, which vary in size and shape, with some being found adhered to the epithelium of the urinary bladder, and others floating in the liquid. The mature spores are sub-spherical in the sutural view, with a number of peripheral projections around the whole surface of the spore. In the sutural view, the spores are 5.3 ± 0.2 (5.2-5.6) μm in length and 7.0 ± 0.7 (6.3-7.7) μm in width, with two piriform polar capsules of equal size, 2.5 ± 0.2 (2.3-2.8) μm long and 1.8 ± 0.2 (1.6-2.0) μm wide. Based on a partial (1312 bps) sequence of the SSU rDNA gene, Hoferellus azevedoi n. sp. was distinguished from all the other myxozoan species deposited in GenBank. Phylogenetically, based on Bayesian inference and p-distances, the new species was allocated to the "Freshwater Urinary-Bladder" clade, together with other myxozoan parasites of the excretory system. Based on the morphological data, supported by the partial sequence of the SSU rDNA gene, we describe a new species of myxozoan, Hoferellus azevedoi n. sp.

-The aim of this study was to evaluate the genetic diversity and structure in the germoplasm of Oenocarpus mapora conserved at Eastern Amazon. Thus, 88 individuals were genotyped with five microsatellite loci. These individuals belong to 24 accessions that were sampled in eight sample places of three Brazilian Amazon states conserved at the Active Germplasm Bank (AGB) of Embrapa Eastern Amazon. All loci were polymorphic and they generated 85 alleles with an average of 17 alleles per loci. Total genetic diversity (H E ) was 0.48. Sample places were considered genetically distinct, with θp = 0.354. The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) identified that the genetic portion among areas was of 36.14% and within 63.86%. The Nei distances varied from 0.091 between Abaetetuba and Santo Antônio do Tauá, both in the state of Pará (PA), to 4.18, between Parintins, AM and Rio Branco, AC. By means of Bayesian analysis, it was identified nine clusters that compose the accessions of the germplasm bank, with different distributions among individuals. The study showed high fixation rates per sample area, which indicates that there may have been significant inbreeding or crossing among parental individuals. It suggests that future samples should be made of different plants in natural populations. Even though, it was verified that there is considerable genetic variation in the germplasm of O. mapora.

Abstract This study describes Henneguya sacacaensis n. sp. in specimens of the Osteichthyes Satanoperca jurupari (Heckel, 1840), collected in the Rio Curiaú Environmental Protection Area in the city of Macapá, state of Amapá Brazil. Using optical microscopy and molecular analysis, these cyst-shaped parasites were analyzed. The gills of 57.14% of the analyzed S. jurupari contained hundreds of spores. The cysts found on the gill lamellae were oval-shaped and whitish. The Henneguya spores had an average length of 46.5 (41.3-56.92) µm. The fusiform body of the Henneguya measured 16.5 (13.16-20.01) µm long and 5.1 (3.91-6.12) µm in width, the two polar capsules had a taper of 3.83 (3.4-4.32) µm and a width of 1.68 (1.4-1.99) µm, and the tail measured 30 (22.47-41.67) µm in length, containing a polar filament coiled seven to nine times. Morphogical and phylogenetic analysis allowed the preposition of a new species, Henneguya sacacaensis n. sp, that belongs to the family Myxobolidae and the genus Henneguya.