The oldest recorded entry on the use of medicinal plants for the purpose of making a pharmacological compound for the treatment of diseases was found on a chalkstone, from approximately 3000 BC, from the ancient Sumerian civilization in Nagpur, a city in India, in the state of Maharashtra. 1,2 In this registry, 12 formulations were found for the organization and preparation of drugs consisting of more than 250 different herbs.There are reports in the literature that put the Egyptian civilization in this dispute for the pioneering of the discoveries of medicinal plants, dating from 6000years ago, approximately 4,000 BC, however, it includes, in addition to plants, products of animal origin. 3 Then, this dispute approaches, the Chinese book on roots and grasses, written by Emperor Shen Nung around 2500 BC, which discusses about 365 medicinal substances, derived from the dry parts of different plants and, at the same time, the encyclopaedia of the days Chinese medical material published in 1977 registered almost 6000 medicinal substances, of which 4800 are of plant origin. 1 The use of medicinal plants was also widespread among the peoples of India, around 2000years ago. 4 The Indian sacred books, Vedas, composed in a language called Vedic Sanskrit, mention the treatment with plants, which are abundant in that country. Many spice plants used today are from India, such as: nutmeg, pepper, cloves, among others. 1 The peoples of Mexico and Central America, the Aztecs, have been exploring the effectiveness of medicinal herbs for at least 1000years, even referring to treatments for simple diseases, such as acne, even the most complex, such as epilepsy. 3 In ancient history, the most relevant record on plant drugs was prepared by the Greco-Roman author, Pedânio Dioscórides, considered the founder of pharmacognosy, who, as a military doctor and responsible for pharmacology in Nero's army, studied medicinal plants. Around 77 AD, he wrote a work, 5 divided into 5 books, where, of the total of 944 drugs described, 35 drugs were of animal origin, 90 of mineral origin, of which only about 130 already appeared in the Corpus hippocraticum and 657 were of vegetable origin. 1 The great strength and the first leap, which made it possible to study the effects of medicinal plants, was given by a Swedish botanist, zoologist and physician, Carolus Linnaeus, creator of binomial nomenclature and scientific classification, considered the founder of modern taxonomy, who documented and classified in a standardized manner thousands of botanical species about medicinal plants in the 18th century. Species Plantarum was first published in 1753 in two volumes. 6 Anyway, there are several studies that address the effects of medicinal plants on diseases that affect the liver, kidneys, stomach,

IntroductionDepression is characterized by a feeling of deep sadness associated with physiological and cognitive symptoms [1]. Both the ICD-10 and the American Psychiatric Association in their statistical manual of mental illness (DSM-V) characterize depression as a set of symptoms that include depressed mood (sadness, hopelessness), loss of interest and pleasure for previously satisfactory activities, and decreased energy, leading to a significant lack of enthusiasm that interferes with the life of the individual [2,3]. However, in relation to the etiology, most of the scientific community shares the idea that depression has multifactorial causes [4] that can originate from endogenous (neurobiological, genetic) [5], exogenous (psychosocial) [6] or traumatic factors (shock, letdown or a tumor) [7]. A biochemical alteration in the brain caused by a deficiency of serotonin [8], especially in the synaptic cleft, is implicated in the psychogenesis of neurobiological nature, possibly causing an imbalance of both mood and sense of well-being in the individual.This study focuses on problems of attention due to the possibility of accidents. Even though there are several theories related to the functioning of attention in the literature, Mateer & Mapou proposed a model that integrates all the previously proposed theories [9]. They established that attention is divided into two cognitive factors: AbstractIntroduction: Among the symptoms of depression, impairment in the level of attention has been a concern because of the risk of accidents.

The learned reflex behavior (Reaction) of Ivan Pavlov (1849-1936) and operant behavior (Action) of Burrhus Skinner (1904-1990) have been used as technical approaches from the perspective of the learning curve through repetitious training using neurofeedback. The aim of this study was to describe the meaning and application of these associated approaches and to explain their neurophysiological implications. A review of the MEDLINE/PubMed and Web of Science electronic databases was carried out from March to October 2016. The learning curve is a graphical representation of the increase in learning from experience (repetitions). Thus, for example, an anxious state caused by behavior such as thinking about the future and the past, complaining, criticizing, judging and analyzing in excess, can be modified by training concentration (operant/action behavior), thereby reducing the excess of fast waves in the hindbrain (learned/reaction reflex behavior), leading the subject from the dysphoric state to a state of well-being.

Introduction: Initiatic Psychoanalysis works with the plans of human spirituality. The philosophical, epistemological, and religious aspects began with the author Luciano da Fonseca Lins, Lacanian Psychoanalyst. Objective:The objective of Initiatic Psychoanalysis is to dismantle the identifications of the Self with the Illusory reality falsely presented as Perception. Perception is nothing more than electrical stimuli transformed in the brain, according to the beliefs of the perceiver. Method: A narrative review was carried out through a search in the electronic indexing databases MEDLINE/PubMed, Web of Science, CAPES journal portal and Google Scholar. The methods used on the interpretive basis of textual construction were the Zen Buddhist Koans, which are puzzles given to be decoded by the no-Mind, the allegorical method of Philo of Alexandria and the desert monks. Such methods, in the context of allegory, are allusive ways of directing the subject to mythical amplifications, legends and fairy tales, in the sense of seeking the Apophatic path, that is, through negative meditation, possibilities to transcend intellectual thought, which he defines to interrupt the Seeker Individual's linear and compulsive thinking. Results: The expected results are to enable the Seeker Individual to abandon their neurotic narratives, which are repetitions of neuronal patterns, to a different way of perceiving, different from linear thinking. Such procedures are presented as a possibility of awakening the Seeker Individual to his self-deceptions, experienced up to the present. Conclusion: Intuition and insights are expected to have modified perceptual value to transform individual existential from existing.

No abstract