The article contains sections titled:
1.
Introduction
2.
History
3.
Fundamental Laws
3.1.
Equilibrium or Thermodynamic Parameters
3.2.
Current Flow, Kinetic Parameters
3.2.1.
Electron Transfer
3.2.2.
Tafel Lines
3.2.3.
Influence of Temperature
3.3.
Heat Effects
3.3.1.
Reversible Heat Effect
3.3.2.
Current Related Heat Effects (Joule Effect)
3.3.3.
Heat Generation in Total
3.4.
Heating of the Battery
4.
Battery Properties and Characteristics
4.1.
Cell and Battery
4.1.1.
Active Material
4.1.1.1.
Change of Volume
4.1.1.2.
Change of Electrode Structure
4.1.2.
Nonactive Components
4.1.2.1.
Conducting Components
4.1.2.2.
Nonconducting Components
4.2.
Battery Parameters
4.2.1.
Voltage
4.2.2.
Capacity
4.2.2.1.
Secondary Batteries
4.2.2.2.
Primary Batteries
4.2.3.
Energy Content
4.2.4.
Internal Resistance and Power Output
4.2.5.
Charge Parameters
4.2.6.
Self‐Discharge
4.2.6.1.
Mixed Potential
4.2.6.2.
Further Self‐Discharge Mechanisms
4.2.6.3.
Apparent Self‐Discharge
4.2.6.4.
Capacity Loss During Storage
5.
Classification of Battery Systems
5.1.
Classification by Electrolyte
5.2.
Classification by Construction
5.2.1.
External Construction
5.2.2.
Internal Construction
6.
Primary Batteries, Systems, and Application
6.1.
Systems Employing an Aqueous Electrolyte
6.1.1.
Batteries with Weak Acid Electrolyte
6.1.1.1.
Carbon ‐ Zinc Systems
6.1.1.1.1.
General
6.1.1.1.2.
Electrochemistry
6.1.1.1.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.1.1.1.4.
Batteries and Their Applications
6.1.1.1.5.
Prospects
6.1.1.2.
Air ‐ Zinc System
6.1.1.2.1.
General
6.1.1.2.2.
Electrochemistry
6.1.1.2.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.1.1.2.4.
Batteries and Their Applications
6.1.1.2.5.
Prospects
6.1.2.
Batteries with “Neutral Electrolyte”
6.1.3.
Batteries with Alkaline Electrolyte
6.1.3.1.
Manganese Dioxide ‐ Zinc System
6.1.3.1.1.
General
6.1.3.1.2.
Electrochemistry
6.1.3.1.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.1.3.1.4.
Batteries and Their Applications
6.1.3.1.5.
Rechargeable Alkaline Manganese Dioxide ‐ Zinc System
6.1.3.1.6.
Prospects
6.1.3.2.
Silver Oxide ‐ Zinc System
6.1.3.2.1.
General
6.1.3.2.2.
Electrochemistry
6.1.3.2.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.1.3.2.4.
Batteries and Their Application
6.1.3.2.5.
Prospects
6.1.3.3.
Mercuric Oxide ‐ Zinc System
6.1.3.3.1.
General
6.1.3.3.2.
Electrochemistry
6.1.3.3.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.1.3.3.4.
Batteries and Application
6.1.3.3.5.
Prospects
6.1.3.4.
Alkaline Air ‐ Zinc System
6.1.3.4.1.
General
6.1.3.4.2.
Electrochemistry
6.1.3.4.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.1.3.4.4.
Air Access Opening: Its Seal and Diffusion Resistance
6.1.3.4.5.
Batteries and Their Application
6.1.3.4.6.
Prospects
6.2.
Batteries with Nonaqueous Electrolyte
6.2.1.
Batteries with Organic Electrolyte
6.2.1.1.
Manganese Dioxide ‐ Lithium System
6.2.1.1.1.
General
6.2.1.1.2.
Electrochemistry
6.2.1.1.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.2.1.1.4.
Batteries and Their Applications
6.2.1.1.5.
Prospects
6.2.1.2.
Carbon Poly‐monofluoride ‐ Lithium System
6.2.1.2.1.
General
6.2.1.2.2.
Electrochemistry
6.2.1.2.3.
System‐Immanent Properties
6.2.1.2.4.
Batteries and Their Applications
No abstract
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
Contact Info
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Product
Resources
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.
