Abstract:The essential oil obtained by hydrodistillation from fresh leaves of Casearia lasiophylla Eichler, Salicaceae, was analyzed by gas capillary (GC/FID and GC/MS). The cytotoxicity of the leaves essential oil was tested in vitro against U251 (glioma), UACC-62 (melanoma), MCF-7 (breast), NC1-ADR/RES (ovarianresistant), NCI-H460 (lung), PC03 (prostate), OVCAR-3 (ovarian), HT-29 (colon) and K562 (leukemia) human cancer cells and against VERO (no cancer cell). The yield of oil was 0.02%. Fifty two compounds were identified, representing 87.1% of the total of the oil. The main components were identified as germacrene D (18.6%), β-caryophyllene (14.7%), δ-cadinene (6.2%), and α-cadinol (5.4%). The oil exhibited antiproliferative activity against all cell lines (TGI<100 μg/mL), with exception of NCI-H460 cell line (TGI 191.31 μg/mL). The highest activity was observed against UACC-62 (TGI 7.30 μg/mL), and K562 (TGI 7.56 μg/mL) cell lines. The observed activity could be related to high content of germacrene D and β-caryophyllene, compounds known as cytotoxic.

Nos poucos estudos publicados comparando óleos essenciais de espécimes femininos e masculinos de espécies Baccharis, fortes diferenças entre as composições de ambas as amostras foram sempre encontradas. Os experimentos realizados nesta pesquisa utilizam estratégias para minimizar a interferência de fatores genéticos e ecológicos. Os óleos essenciais das folhas de espécimes femininos e masculinos de cinco espécies Baccharis foram pesquisados com uso de um cromatógrafo gasoso acoplado a um espectrômetro de massas e a um detector de ionização de chama (CG-EM-DIC): B. caprariaefolia e B. dracunculifolia, já pesquisadas anteriormente com objetivos similares; e B. coridifolia, B. semiserrata var. elaegnoides e B. pentaptera, as duas últimas ainda não mencionadas na literatura química. Os resultados foram acompanhados por análise hierárquica de grupos, verificando-se a formação de grupos indicativos da grande similaridade entre óleos essenciais dos espécimes masculinos e femininos de todas as cinco espécies. O estudo reafirma o valor das observações de campo na pesquisa de produtos naturais, e aponta fatores genéticos e ecológicos como principais responsáveis por diferenças no metabolismo secundário das plantas estudadas.In the few studies published on essential oils from female and male specimens of Baccharis species, strong differences between the compositions of both samples were always found. The experiments conducted in this study make use of strategies to minimize the interference from genetic and environmental factors. Essential oils from leaves of female and male specimens of five Baccharis species were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry plus flame ionization detector (GC-MS-FID): B. caprariaefolia and B. dracunculifolia, which have been previously studied with similar aims; and B. coridifolia, B. semiserrata var. elaegnoides and B. pentaptera, the latter two not yet mentioned in the literature. The results were followed by hierarchical cluster analysis, verifying the formation of groups indicative of the great similarity of essential oils from male and female specimens of all five species. The study reinforces the value of field observation in natural product research and points genetic and ecological factors as main responsible for differences in the secondary metabolites of the studied plants.Keywords: Baccharis species, male and female specimens, essential oils J. Braz. Chem. Soc. 1042 Chemical Composition Similarity between Essential Oils Isolated from Male and Female Baccharis Species IntroductionReview articles show that the research regarding the chemical compounds produced by about 120 species from the Baccharis L. (Asteraceae) genus resulted mainly in the isolation of diterpenes and flavonoids.1,2 On the other hand, the available data show that about 52 species from the Baccharis genus have been characterized on the basis of the chemical composition of their essential oils. The seasonal variability of the chemical composition of essential oils from some Baccharis species cultivate...

THERMO-CATALYTIC CRACKING OF THE MIXTURE OF USED FRYING OIL-TEXTILE STAMPING SLUDGE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF OIL WITH LOW ACIDITY INDEX. In this work, cracking experiments were performed to carry out the thermal conversion of the mixture of used frying oil and textile stamping sludge in continuous reactor. The textile stamping sludge was used to catalyze the reaction of thermal cracking. The physical and chemical properties of the oil produced were analyzed. Among the results of this analysis the level of acidity in the range of 12 mg KOH/g stands out. Low levels of acidity as this particular mean better quality oil. In this regard it is important that further researches on processes of conversion of residual oil occur.

This study investigated the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the ethanolic extract (EESAl), fractions and the compound 8-methoxylapachenol (8ML) obtained from the tubers of Sinningia allagophylla. Male Swiss mice were treated with EESAl (3-300 mg/kg) or vehicle by oral route (p.o.) 1 hr before the injection of formalin 2.5% or carrageenan (Cg) into the hind paw. EESAl (3-30 mg/kg) reduced the inflammatory phase of the nociceptive behaviour induced by formalin (around 65% for all doses). EESAl (3-300 mg/kg, p.o.) also reduced Cg-induced mechanical hyperalgesia and oedema in a dose-dependent fashion but did not change the hot-plate latency or the motor performance of the animals. Oral administration of petroleum ether fraction (PE, 3 mg/kg), but not in the methanolic fraction (30 mg/kg), reduced both Cg-induced oedema and hyperalgesia. Compound 8ML isolated from PE (1.8 mg/kg, p.o.) abolished Cg-induced hyperalgesia but also did not change hotplate latency or motor performance of the animals. 8ML administration into the paw (0.75-750 pg) dose-dependently reduced Cg-induced hyperalgesia. 8ML (750 pg) also blocked the hyperalgesia induced by tumour necrosis factor (TNF-a), interleukin1b (IL-1b) and prostaglandin E 2 (PGE 2 ) but failed to change the hyperalgesia induced by cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-1 (CINC-1) and dopamine (Dopa). These results suggest that EESAl has an important antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activity, the former one related, at least in part, to the reduction in the hyperalgesia. Similarly, 8ML reduced Cg-induced oedema and mechanical hyperalgesia and seems to act in peripheral sites and on the prostaglandin rather than on the sympathetic component of the Cg-inflammatory hyperalgesia.Gesneriaceae is a pantropical family of ornamental plants, with 135 genera, among these Sinningia. Sinningia genus comprises 68 species, distributed in South America, mainly in Brazil [1]. Sinningia allagophylla (Martius) Wiehler is a shrub species with the popular names of clove field, field-potato or potato-of-Partridge and is considered medicinal in Brazil. The tubers are used as an emollient and tonic, while the flowers and leaves are used as febrifuge, diuretic and cleanser [2].Studies on chemical composition of Sinningia species showed the presence of flavonoids on Sinningia cardinalis [3], ethylcyclohexane derivatives and anthraquinones in Sinningia speciosa [4] and anthraquinones and aromatic compounds with a new skeleton named aggregatins A-D in Sinningia aggregata [5]. In Sinningia allagophylla, lapachenol, 8ML, anthraquinones and naphthoquinones were found [6]. Naphthoquinones and anthraquinones are classes of natural compounds commonly associated with anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive properties. For example, vitamin K3 derivatives, plumbagin and emodin among others, are known naphthoquinones and anthraquinones, which share these properties [7][8][9].Traditionally, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the class of compounds most widely used to t...

Phytochemical study of the flowers of Gochnatia polymorpha subsp. floccosa, Asteraceae, yielded eleven known triterpenes identified as lupeol, lupeyl acetate, lupeyl palmitate, taraxasterol, taraxasteryl acetate, pseudotaraxasterol, pseudotaraxasterol acetate, α-amyrin, α-amyryl palmitate, β-amyrin and β-amyryl palmitate, along with sitosterol, stigmasterol, palmitic and stearic acids. These compounds are been reported for the first time in the species. The compounds were identified by analysis of NMR spectra ( 1 H, 13 C and DEPT), GC-MS and comparison with literature data. Previous work have reported the isolation of triterpenes, diterpenes, sesquiterpenes, flavonoids, coumarins and phenolic compounds from aerial parts and roots from G. polymorpha.