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Background The COVID-19 pandemic upended many aspects of daily life. For some individuals, this was an opportunity to re-evaluate their life and make better choices, while others were overwhelmed with stressors, leading to a deterioration in mental and physical health. Aim The aim of this narrative systematic review is to explore the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on Mediterranean diet adherence. Methods A systematic literature search was carried out on PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases utilising the search terms ‘Mediterranean diet’ AND ‘COVID-19’. This yielded 73 articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results The data suggests that a substantial proportion of individuals adhered less to the Mediterranean diet during the COVID-19 lockdown period. However, individuals receiving some form of lifestyle intervention had better adherence to the Mediterranean diet than their unassisted counterparts. Conclusion This emphasises the importance of professional support during times of crisis to avoid deterioration of a population's health.

Results and discussions We corroborate that CMS1 and CMS4 subtypes showed higher levels of immune and stromal infiltration than CMS2-3 subtypes. Several CD molecules have been found to be under-expressed in tumour vs. normal tissues that have a protective effect. Interestingly, when stratifying by subtypes, they showed the better accuracy discriminating between good and poor prognosis patients in the CMS4 subtype. Significant functions associated with higher expression of those molecules are IGA production, IL12 pathway, TCR pathway and PD1 signalling among others; thus suggesting an immune modulation of the microenvironment that leads to a better prognosis. Conclusion The CMS4 subtype has usually higher risk of relapse comparing to other subtypes. However, segregating the group using specific immune biomarkers is able to identify patients with the significantly better survival. Introduction Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies and contributes to significant cancer-related deaths worldwide. Despite commonly asymptomatic with 5 year survival rate of 90% at the early stage of disease, extremely low survival rate was reported for late stage diagnosis with metastasis. Therefore, there is an immense urgency for reliable biomarkers to aid in the early diagnosis of CRC and to assist in prognostic stratification. Interrogation on the serum proteome and site-specific secretome may provide an accurate mapping of the circulating and secreted proteins, respectively. Thus, we aim to identify potential protein markers present in human serum, faecal extracts and CRC cells, and to determine its role in CRC. Material and methods Quantitative proteomics was performed using SWATH-MS analysis on human serum and faecal extracts representing 4 stages of CRC and healthy control. Immuno Blot was conducted to confirm the expression of target proteins in the cell line model for cell manipulation study. Transduction of lentiviral fully sequenced human open reading frames (ORFs) construct into HT29 was carried out with 25 mg/ml Blasticidin S selection for exogenous gene overexpression study. Cell-based assays were performed to evaluate the functional activities and RqPCR for determining the signalling pathway activity. Results and discussions We have identified significant upregulation of LRG1 in the sera of CRC patients, particularly in the advanced stage of cancer. The endogenous expression of LRG1 in the CRC cells increased with the advancing stage. Overexpression of LRG1 in HT29 increased cell proliferation by activation of Ki67 mRNA (p<0.01) and cell migration via ZEB1 (p<0.05). The level of TGF-b mRNA was also increased with overexpression of LRG1 (p<0.05). Conclusion In conclusion, LRG1 is a promising marker for CRC and its overexpression may pose higher risk of metastasis via collective proliferation, migration and invasion possibly through the regulation of TGF-b pathway. Introduction Triple Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) is associated with a worse prognosis among breast cancer subtypes due to the lack ...