Objective: To determine the evidence on the adverse effects of placing dental implants in healthy growing children. Study design: A systematic search was conducted in five electronic databases: PubMed, Ovid, Cochrane, EBSCO host, ProQuest. Studies on implants placed in children below the age of 19 years, with loss of tooth either due to trauma or caries were included, whereas, studies on mini implants and implants placed due to congenital absence of teeth were excluded. The articles that fulfilled the inclusion criteria were analyzed based on the predetermined criteria of success. Results: A total of 8 publications fulfilled the inclusion criteria. All the included articles were case reports/series, involving a total of 16 implants (15 maxillary, one mandibular) in 11 adolescents (7 boys and 4 girls). The age of implant placement ranged between ten to 17 years with a mean age of 13.4 years and the follow up period, 4.5 months to 13 years. Pain, paresthesia, mobility or peri-implant radiolucency was not reported in any case report, indicating good integration. Radiographic crestal bone loss, probing depth and implant esthetics were not mentioned. The infraocclusion was not reported in 5 cases (age: 11–17 years, follow up: 4.5 months-two years), however, it was an adverse effect in 6 cases (age: ten-17 years, follow up: three-13 years). Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to contradict the placement of dental implants in healthy growing children; the only reported adverse event is infraocclusion, the management of which too is discussed. However, as all the data is from case reports, the result should be interpreted with caution. Therefore, well-designed randomized controlled trials are needed to address this gap in the literature.

We could achieve a good function, esthetics and tactile sensibility with this modified design. Whenever, feasible this design can improve the performance and patients feel a deep sense of satisfaction and improved self-esteem with this modified prosthesis.

Gingival replacement is often a component of comprehensive prosthodontics. Gingival prostheses may be fixed or removable. It can be made from acrylics, composite resins, silicones or porcelain-based materials.This paper describes different clinical situations in which three types of gingival prostheses, removable acrylic veneer with melanin pigmentation, fixed ceramic veneer and flexible nylon based veneer, were used effectively.

Aim: To propose a new technique, based on cephalometrics for determining the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO). Methods and Material: Thirty-five participants in the age range of 20–22 years who met the inclusion criteria were recruited. Lateral cephalograms were obtained and tracing done. Five reference landmarks, Nasion (N), Anterior Nasal Spine (ANS), Porion (P), Gonion (G) and Gnathion (Gn) were marked and joined to form four angles, N-ANS-Gn, N-ANS-G, P-G-Gn and P-G-ANS; distance between ANS and Gn was considered as VDO in cephalogram (VDO-Ceph). The angles N-ANS-Gn and N-ANS-G; P-G-Gn, and P-G-ANS were correlated; two simple linear regression models were developed to predict N-ANS-Gn and P-G-Gn, using N-ANS-G and P-G-ANS, as independent variables. Using the formulae, the predicted angles, N-ANS-Gn and P-G-Gn were drawn and intersection marked as ‘reconstructed point Gn’. The predicted VDO-Ceph values (distance between ANS and reconstructed Gn) were measured and correlated with actual values. Results: The angles N-ANS-Gn and P-G-Gn had a statistically significant positive correlation with N-ANS-G (r = 0.77, P < 0.001) and P-G-ANS (r = 0.83, P < 0.001), respectively. Using simple linear regression analysis, the following formulae were obtained: N-ANS-Gn (in degrees) = 1.271 N-ANS-G (in degrees) + 24.83 and P-G-Gn (in degrees) = 0.987 P-G-ANS (in degrees) + 35.93. The predicted and actual VDO-Ceph values showed no statistical significance difference (P = 0.92). Conclusion: By tracing four cephalometric landmarks, N, ANS, P, G; and using the angular reconstruction, it is possible to predict the location of Gn. Hence, during prosthetic replacement of lost teeth, this can be employed for the estimation of lost dimensions.