No abstract

Root anatomy studies were divided into laboratory studies (In-Vitro), clinical root canal system anatomy studies (In vivo) and clinical case reports of anomalies. Over 95% (95.9%) of maxillary first molars had three roots and 3.9% had two roots. The incidence of fusion of any two or three roots was approximately 5.2%. Conical and C-shaped roots and canals were rarely found (0.12%).The fusion of the two buccal roots has the prevalence of 0.4% in maxillary first molars. Nevertheless, presence of only one buccal root with one canal is extremely rare.

AimTo evaluate the incidence of apical crack initiation during canal preparation with stainless steel K-files and hand protaper files (in vitro study).Materials and methodsSixty extracted mandibular premo-lar teeth are randomly selected and embedded in an acrylic tube filled with autopolymerizing resin. A baseline image of the apical surface of each specimen was recorded under a digital microscope (80×). The cervical and middle thirds of all samples were flared with #2 and #1 Gates-Glidden (GG) drills, and a second image was recorded. The teeth were randomly divided into four groups of 15 teeth each according to the file type (hand K-file and hand-protaper) and working length (WL) (instrumented at WL and 1 mm less than WL). Final image after dye penetration and photomicrograph of the apical root surface were digitally recorded.ResultsMaximum numbers of cracks were observed with hand protaper files compared with hand K-file at the WL and 1 mm short of WL. Chi-square testing revealed a highly significant effect of WL on crack formation at WL and 1 mm short of WL (p = 0.000).ConclusionMinimum numbers of cracks at WL and 1 mm short of WL were observed with hand K-file and maximum with hand protaper files.How to cite this articleSoni D, Raisingani D, Mathur R, Madan N, Visnoi S. Incidence of Apical Crack Initiation during Canal Preparation using Hand Stainless Steel (K-File) and Hand NiTi (Protaper) Files. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2016;9(4):303-307.

No abstract

The aim of this case report was to evaluate the depth of cure of composite resin cured within root canals by means of light-transmitting plastic posts. Light-curing composite resins must be adequately polymerized within the root canal to reinforce weakened roots. The physical properties of dental composite resins are of great concern because they affect their clinical performance. The lighttransmitting plastic posts (Luminex, Weissman Technology) have enabled the transmission of light into the root canal to polymerize composite resin placed within it.