It is suggested to consider the following actions: increase awareness about medical errors, organise training to reduce errors in medication administration, develop procedures and protocols specific to the emergency unit health care and create an environment which is not punitive wherein nurses can safely report medical errors.

Objective: Inappropriate or insufficient knowledge of health care professionals about puerperal mastitis can lead mothers to premature weaning, as well as the lack of education on proper breastfeeding. However, the importance of education regarding puerperal mastitis seems to be underestimated.Material and Methods: From July to August 2014, 317 female health care professionals were surveyed in Samsun, Turkey. Participants were classified into three groups; nurses, maternity care nurses (obstetrics and gynecology nurses and pediatrics clinic nurses), and midwives. A specifically prepared questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: 69.1% (n=219) of female health care professionals had one or more child/ren. The median length of breastfeeding duration was 11 months (0-36) while the overall puerperal mastitis rate was 13.3% (n=29). Puerperal mastitis related cessation of breastfeeding was similar between the groups, with an overall rate of 3.1%. 61.1% of the participants stated that they had one or more hours of education regarding puerperal mastitis while 5.4% indicated that they learned about the pathology from their experiences. Midwives and maternity care nurses were found to be more knowledgeable than nurses regarding the reasons, risk factors, prevention, symptoms, and treatment of puerperal mastitis. Conclusion:As a result, the current level of education regarding breastfeeding and puerperal mastitis and daily practice in female health care professionals in Turkey is far from desired levels. The breastfeeding education of health care professionals must be adapted to an effective program, such as UNICEF/WHO 20-hour breastfeeding training course, and puerperal mastitis should be accepted as a public health care issue.

Aims and Objectives This study aimed to determine the correlations between the violence experienced by emergency nurses in the work environment, their occupational commitment and their intention to resign. Background The emergency service, when compared with other hospital departments, is the unit where violence against healthcare workers is most common. Design A multi‐method design was used. Methods The research was carried out between 15 January 2020 and 15 May 2021. The sample of the study consisted of 202 emergency service nurses. The first stage of the research was reserved for the validity and reliability study of the Turkish version of the Perceptions of the Prevalence of Aggression Scale (POPAS). Quantitative data were collected using the POPAS, the Three‐Component Model of Commitment Scale. A qualitative method was used to determine in‐depth the causes and effects of the violence the nurses were exposed to and what they thought and felt about the factors affecting their commitment to the occupation and their intention to resign. The Consolidated criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research (COREQ) were used for this paper. Results The fit index values of the POPAS, which were confirmed with 15 items and four subdimensions, were determined to be acceptable and highly reliable. It was determined that 96.5% of the nurses were exposed to verbal violence. Qualitative interviews with nurses revealed that the violence they were subjected to in the working environment affected the nurses physically, psychologically, socially and caused them to consider leaving their jobs. Conclusions The increasing incidence of exposure to violent behaviours and verbal violence was found to decrease nurses’ emotional commitment to their occupation. Relevance to clinical practice Nurses’ working conditions and work environments should be improved and their workload should be reduced in order to maximise their level of occupational commitment and prevent them from thinking about resigning.

Objective: This research was carried out to evaluate the difficulties experienced by nurses during the delivery of health care to immigrant and refugee patients and their intercultural sensitivity. Methods: The descriptive-cross-sectional study was conducted with 132 nurses. In the study, "socio-demographic questions, questions about the difficulties experienced while caring for immigrant/refugee patients" and "Intercultural Sensitivity Scale (ISS)" were applied. Mean ± standard deviation, frequency, and percentage values, Kruskal Wallis, Mann Whitney-U test, and Spearman correlation analysis were used in the data analysis. The statistical significance level was accepted as p30 years (p=0.021), those with undergraduate and graduate degrees (p=0.036), and those living in the city center were high (p=0.044). While the scale's total score was higher in those who benefited from the media and previous experiences as a source of cultural information (p=0.015, p=0.002, respectively), it was lower in those who had difficulties caring for immigrants and refugee patients (p=0.035). Conclusion: In our result, it is seen that the level of intercultural sensitivity in nurses is moderate, and age, education level, and place of residence for immigrant or refugee patients affect intercultural sensitivity. It is seen that nurses with low intercultural sensitivity have difficulties in giving care to immigrant and refugee patients.

This study was conducted as descriptive with an aim to determine the factors affecting the attitudes of nurses towards change. The study was conducted with the participation of 178 nurses in state hospital between October 10, 2017 and January 30, 2018. The data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of 24 questions, and the Attitude Against Change Scale consisting of 29 items. In the evaluation of the data, descriptive statistics, One-Way Anova, t-test, Kruskal–Wallis test and Mann–Whitney U test were used. The Attitude Against Change Scale score was determined as 56.82 ± 13.52. A meaningful relation was observed between the Attitude Against Change Scale score averages and certain sociodemographic characteristics of nurses (p < 0.05). It was determined in the study that the nurses between the ages of 30 and 39, having 8–15 years of profession had more positive attitudes towards change. Keywords: Change, attitude towards change, nurse.