Purpose Although domestic research on Chinese management is emerging, a suitable domestic theory is still needed to support and explain Chinese management practice. Given that, this paper aims to extract ideas of cultivation from Confucianism and propose a theoretical framework of self-cultivation with a purpose to provide new explanations for domestic (nondomestic as well) management practice. Design/methodology/approach Drawing from pre-Qin cultivation discourse and management practice, this paper develops a theoretical framework of self-cultivation and discusses its implications. Findings This paper argues that self-cultivation emphasizes self-consciousness, initiative and selflessness. It also includes self-reflection, self-discipline, self-study and self-improvement, as well as self-dedication, all of which reflect the ideal realm of “self-cultivation.” This “realm” refers to the process of pursuing an ideal personality and high moral standards. Originality/value This paper contributes to the literature by identifying various potential applications of self-cultivation theory to domestic research on organizational behavior in China.

China is the world's largest producer of fruits. The fruit industry occupies an important position in the national economy. Since 1993, fruit yield volume and orchard area of China have been ranking the first place in the world. The improvement of the export competition of China's fruit products still has a long way to go. The transfer of fruit production advantages into trading advantages is the primary problem faced by Chinese fruit industry. This article aims to analyze the characteristics and the competitive strength of China's fruit export, as well as their influencing factors. This paper also gives a number of policy recommendations to promote fruit exports and enhance international competitiveness in China. The result of this paper will help the readers to have the full understanding about the export advantages of Chinese fruit industry. It also will be helpful for the related bodies to make correct policies.

Abstract:Chinese traditional philosophy can provide insights for teacher education. The purpose of this article is to discuss two main aspects of Dao philosophy, Dao teachers' cultivation and Dao teaching behavior, in order to interpret the nature of Dao teaching. This article outlines a conceptual model of Dao teaching consisting of Dao teachers' cultivation based on Laozi's three essentials and Dao teaching behavior based on the nature of water philosophy to guide the teaching performance of teachers. The Dao teaching construction model offers a new perspective for teacher education research and practice. The article concludes with a discussion of the practical value of considering Dao philosophy as an underlying approach to teacher education.

Chinese traditional philosophy can offer a rich source of insight for current leadership studies. The aim of this article is to discuss two main aspects of Dao philosophy, Dao intelligence and Dao leader well-being. The article makes two contributions to knowledge. First, it outlines a conceptual model of Dao intelligence from six aspects based on Dao philosophy in Dao De Jing. Second, it provides a model of Dao leader well-being based on Dao intelligence. It is argued that Dao intelligence offers new opportunities for leadership research and practice. The article concludes with a discussion of the practical value of considering Dao philosophy as an underlying approach to leader intelligence and leader well-being. In the modern society, we could gain wisdom from Dao in the attempt to pursue the root cause of all tangible phenomena in life, including the scientific theories and practices. Thus, Dao De Jing is a book with the essential Dao philosophy that has implications for contemporary leadership theory and practice. Dao philosophy is presented in this research as a philosophical and wise pattern of leadership intelligence and well-being.

Traditional Chinese philosophy can serve as a rich source of insight for management studies. The aim of this article is to discuss two main aspects of Dao philosophy, non-action management and non-action leadership. The article makes two contributions to knowledge. First, it outlines a conceptual model of non-action management based on Dao De Jing. Second, it provides a conceptual model of non-action leadership based on Laozi's three essentials to supplement the non-action management model. It is argued that the non-action management and non-action leadership model offers new opportunities for management research and practice, as well as contributing to existing leadership theories. The article concludes with a discussion of the practical value of considering Dao philosophy as an underlying approach to management.