BackgroundImmunogenic Cell Death (ICD) is a novel way to regulate cell death and can sufficiently activate adaptive immune responses. Its role in immunity is still emerging. However, the involvement of ICD in Intracranial Aneurysms (IA) remains unclear. This study aimed to identify biomarkers associated with ICDs and determine the relationship between them and the immune microenvironment during the onset and progression of IAMethodsThe IA gene expression profiles were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in IA were identified and the effects of the ICD on immune microenvironment signatures were studied. Techniques like Lasso, Bayes, DT, FDA, GBM, NNET, RG, SVM, LR, and multivariate analysis were used to identify the ICD gene signatures in IA. A consensus clustering algorithm was used for conducting the unsupervised cluster analysis of the ICD patterns in IA. Furthermore, enrichment analysis was carried out for investigating the various immune responses and other functional pathways. Along with functional annotation, the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and module construction, identification of the hub gene, and co-expression analysis were also carried out.ResultsThe above techniques were used for establishing the ICD gene signatures of HMGB1, HMGN1, IL33, BCL2, HSPA4, PANX1, TLR9, CLEC7A, and NLRP3 that could easily distinguish IA from normal samples. The unsupervised cluster analysis helped in identifying three ICD gene patterns in different datasets. Gene enrichment analysis revealed that the IA samples showed many differences in pathways such as the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, chemokine signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, viral protein interaction with the cytokines and cytokine receptors, and a few other signaling pathways compared to normal samples. In addition, the three ICD modification modes showed obvious differences in their immune microenvironment and the biological function pathways. Eight ICD-regulators were identified and showed meaningful associations with IA, suggesting they could severe as potential prognostic biomarkers.ConclusionsA new gene signature for IA based on ICD features was created. This signature shows that the ICD pattern and the immune microenvironment are closely related to IA and provide a basis for optimizing risk monitoring, clinical decision-making, and developing novel treatment strategies for patients with IA.

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Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics, treatment, and prognosis of intracranial aneurysms in pediatrics Methods9 pediatric patients (aged less than 18 years) with a diagnosis of intracranial aneurysm in the neurosurgical vascular group at our center from January 2015 to January 2022 are collected and their clinical data are analyzed retrospectively. We report the results of this study. Results In this group, there are 6 pediatric male patients and 3 pediatric female patients with intracranial aneurysms, of which 6 are anterior circulation aneurysms, 2 are posterior circulation aneurysms, and 1 is multiple aneurysms. There are 4 cases of the small aneurysm (diameter less than 1 cm), 4 cases of the large aneurysm (diameter 1.0-2.5 cm), and 1 case of a giant aneurysm (diameter more than 2.5 cm). 6 pediatric patients underwent craniotomy, and 3 pediatric patients underwent vascular intervention, there is no death in this group, 6 pediatric patients have a good prognosis (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-1), 3 pediatric patients have a mild disability The prognosis of 6 patients is good (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 0-1), and 3 patients have a mild impairment and other sequelae (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score 2). Conclusion: The clinical features of intracranial aneurysms in pediatric patients are somewhat distinct from those seen in adults, and there is a need to develop individualized treatment plans regarding aneurysm site, size, character, and other global factors.