Latar Belakang: Pandemi Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS CoV-2 ini berawal dari Wuhan, China, menyebar ke lebih dari 200 negara dan mengakibatkan puluhan ribu kematian termasuk anak. Studi literatur yang membahas COVID-19 pada orang dewasa mulai bermunculan, namun pada anak masih terbatas. Dalam studi literatur ini kami mengulas beberapa artikel ilmiah dan literatur terbaru tentang COVID-19 pada anak yang dipublikasikan sejak Januari 2020 hingga akhir Juli 2020, khususnya manifestasi klinis dan pemeriksaan penunjang.  Metode: Mengulas publikasi 35 literatur ilmiah mengenai COVID-19 anak pada jurnal seperti Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, The Lancet sejak Januari hingga Juli 2020. Hasil: Kejadian COVID-19 pada anak lebih rendah dan memiliki gejala yang lebih ringan dibandingkan orang dewasa. Gejala yang sering muncul adalah batuk, faring hiperemis, dan demam. Belum ada bukti jelas mengenai kejadian transmisi intrauterine yang dilaporkan. Prognosis menunjukkan respon terapi yang baik dan pemulihan yang lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa. Kesimpulan: Kejadian COVID-19 lebih rendah, manifestasi klinis lebih ringan dan prognosis lebih baik pada anak dibandingkan dengan orang dewasa. Kata kunci: COVID-19, anak, studi literatur   Background: The Novel Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus originated in Wuhan, China, spread to more than 200 countries and resulted in tens of thousands of deaths including children. Literature studies discussing COVID-19 in adults are starting to emerge, but in children it is still limited. In this literature study, we review some of the latest scientific articles and literature on COVID-19 in children published from January 2020 to the end of July 2020, in particular clinical manifestations and supporting examinations. Methods: Reviewing 35 scientific literatures about children with COVID-19 in journals such as Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, The Lancet from January to July 2020. Results: The incidence of COVID-19 in children was lower and had milder symptoms than adults. Symptoms that often appear are cough, hyperemic pharynx, and fever. There was unclear proof of intrauterine transmission. The prognosis of children with COVID-19 showed a good response to therapy and faster recovery compared to adults. Conclusion: The incidence of COVID-19 is lower, the clinical manifestations are milder, and the prognosis is better in children compared to adults. Keywords: COVID-19, children, literature study

Purpose Indonesia, a high populous and the second-highest country in epidemicity of hepatitis B in South-East Asia require maintaining its capacity of monovalent hepatitis B production to keep up with both the national immunization program and global needs. To keep the sustainability of the vaccine, a new bulk is needed to be made available. This study aims to evaluate the immunogenicity and safety of Bio Farma newly formulated recombinant hepatitis B vaccines, which came from different sources of bulk, compared to the already registered hepatitis B vaccine. Materials and Methods An experimental, randomized, double-blind, cohort intervention phase II clinical trial was conducted on three recombinant hepatitis B vaccines from different bulk sources, with Bio Farma registered hepatitis B vaccine as the control group. A total of 536 participants around age 10 to 40 years old were thricely vaccinated with twice serological assessments. The subject’s safety was monitored for 28 days after each vaccination. Results Of 536 enrolled participants, 521 finished the vaccination and serology assessments. The investigational products were proven not to be inferior to the control. All vaccines were well tolerated. No differences in rates of local and systemic reactions were seen between the investigational products and control. No serious adverse event was found to be related to the investigational vaccines. Conclusion Investigational vaccines are shown to be equally immunogenic and safe as the control vaccine.

The quality of instant baby porridge leads to nutrient content, consumer’s acceptability and shelf life. The use of freshwater snail flour (Pila ampullacea) as a substitution in the product increases the product nutrition value. The study analyzed nutrients content, acceptability, and shelf life of instant baby porridge. An experimental study with a completely randomized single factor design by using the three ratios of freshwater snail flour KS 0 (0%), KS I (10%), and KS II (15%). The acceptability test (hedonic test) was held on 25 semi-trained panelists and Arrhenius for shelf life analysis. Data were analyzed using One-way ANOVA, Krusskal wallis test, and Mann-Whitney. The substitution of freshwater snail flour could affect the nutrient content of carbohydrate, protein, fat, fiber, water, ash, iron, zinc, and calcium (p<0.05). The substitution could affect the consumer’s acceptance properties include color, flavor, texture, and taste (p<0.05). The shelf-life testing for 15 days obtained results, KS 0 formula in temperature 35oC, 45oC and 50oC is 7.13; 2.13 and 2.16 months respectively. KS I Formula in temperature 35oC, 45oC and 50oC is 39, 40, 41 days. KS II Formula in temperature 35oC, 45oC and 50oC is 6 years 7 months, 6 years 8 months, and 6 years 9 months. Based on nutrient content analysis, the substitution of freshwater snail flour could have enhanced protein, zinc, iron, calcium, and fat. KS I, the best formula obtained has 20 g contribution in one serving, fulfilled the energy adequacy of 14.41%, carbohydrates, 15.36%, protein 17.7%, fat 10.27%, fiber 1.7%, water 0.16%, iron 11.25%, zinc 10%, calcium 35.10% and the shelf life in temperature of 35oC is 39 days, 45oC has a shelf life of 40 days and 50oC has a shelf life of 41 days.

Latar belakang. Diperkirakan setiap tahunnya terjadi peningkatan prevalensi gangguan tidur sesuai dengan peningkatan usia dan berbagai faktor penyebabnya. Paparan media elektronik berlebihan dapat berpengaruh pada masalah kesehatan. Penelitian di 5 negara termasuk Indonesia tahun 2012 menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari 80% anak usia 10-13 tahun telah memiliki akses telepon selular pribadi. American Academy of Pediatrics menyarankan durasi paparan media elektronik pada balita dan anak prasekolah selama 1 jam atau kurang dan remaja selama 2 jam atau kurang per hari.Tujuan. menganalisis hubungan antara durasi paparan media elektronik dengan munculnya gangguan tidur pada anak usia 10-13 tahunMetode. penelitian belah lintang dengan subjek penelitian dari beberapa SD di Semarang pada April – Juli 2019. Subjek penelitian melengkapi kuesioner 3DPAR) untuk menilai durasi paparan media elektronik serta orangtua mengisi kuesioner SDSC untuk menilai gangguan tidur. Analisis bivariat menggunakan uji Chi-square dengan nilai signifikansi p<0,05.Hasil. Dari 90 responden didapatkan 76 responden (84,4%) dengan paparan media elektronik lebih dari 2 jam perhari dan terdapat 65 responden (72,2%) mengalami gangguan tidur. Terdapat hubungan bermakna antara durasi paparan media elektronik dengan gangguan tidur. Kesimpulan. Durasi paparan media elektronik lebih dari 2 jam perhari memiliki hubungan yang bermakna dengan gangguan tidur anak usia 10-13 tahun.

Background :  Overweight and obesity are the conditions where lumbar have to bear more load, and it will decrease its flexibility. Decrease of lumbar flexibility will affect the range of motion. Based on some literatures, mat pilates will increase the ability on lumbar flexibility, however there is no evidence effect of mat pilates in children, especially overweight and obese children. Aim : To know the effect of mat pilates on lumbar flexibility of overweight and obese children. Method :This study was pre experimental one group pre and post test design with 20 subjects based on inclusion dan exclusion criteria. Subjects did mat Pilates exercise for 12 times. Lumbar flexibility was measured by Modified Modified Schober Test for lumbal flexion and extension before intervention and after 4 weeks mat pilates exercise. Data analyzed by SPSS using Saphiro Wilk test as data’s nomalities test and Paired T test as hypothesis test. Result : The mean of MMST Flexion pre and post test after Mat Pilates have increased from 3,15±0,3118 cm to 7,63±0,4 cm. The mean of MMST extension pre and post test after Mat Pilates hav e increased from 1,415±0,21 cm to 3±0,236 cm. The means of a BMI Post test (24,89 ± 0,9 kg/m2) is higher than the mean of a BMI Pre test (24,86 ± 0,8 kg/m2).The significant result proves the effect of mat pilates in lumbar flexibility of overweight and obese children which measured by MMST Flexion and MMST Extension. The result of p value for MMST Flexion is p=0,00 and the result of p value for MMST Extension is p=0,00 which both of MMST flexion and Extension are significant or different. Conclusion : Mat pilates can increase the lumbar flexibility of overweight and obese children.Keyword: Mat Pilates, Lumbar Flexibility, overweight and obese children.