The paper examines self-similar (or fractal) properties of real communication network traffic data over a wide range of time scales. These self-similar properties are very different from the properties of traditional models based on Poisson and Markov-modulated Poisson processes. Advanced fractal models of sequentional generators and fixed-length sequence generators, and efficient algorithms that are used to simulate self-similar behavior of IP network traffic data are developed and applied. Numerical examples are provided; and simulation results are obtained and analyzed.K e y w o r d s: communication networks, IP network traffic, long-range dependent self-similar processes, advanced generators of self-similar teletraffic

This article addresses issues relating to the establishment and financial management of extrabudgetary funds (EBFs), a large group of government entities and accounts. The article develops a typology of EBFs and argues that they are frequently created because of budget system failures and political economy factors. The article recommends that data on EBFs be consolidated within a unified system of fiscalreporting and proposes an analytical framework that governments might use to evaluate the effectiveness and utility of their EBFs.

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